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Common problems in the lactating woman
Published in Anne Lee, Sally Inch, David Finnigan, Therapeutics in Pregnancy and Lactation, 2019
Nipple pain that suddenly appears after a period of pain-free feeding is often due to thrush. This condition is becoming more common and often follows antibiotic use.8 Characteristically, the mother complains of a burning sensation, intense itching or severe nipple pain that increases as a breastfeed continues or appears after the feed. (This is in contrast to the pain from poor attachment which is usually present from the start of the feed.) The sensations may be present for some time after the feed and the mother may find even the touch of clothing distressing. Both nipples are likely to be affected. The appearance of the nipples may be unchanged from their normal state, although there may be a pale area around the base of the nipple/areola, which may be slightly oedematous. The baby may or may not have obvious oral thrush, characterised by white patches on the sides of the mouth, inside the lips or at the back of the tongue. The baby may pull off the breast while feeding and seem fretful or uncomfortable if his/her mouth is sore. The baby may also have perianal thrush.
Genital candidiasis
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Candida may affect any external part of the body, but particularly warm, moist, areas as follows: vagina – candida in the vagina is often called thrush.penis – glans and prepuce.mouth – common in babies; usually called oral candidiasis or oral thrush.armpits.groin – especially where pubic hair grows.under breasts.skin folds.nail beds.
Symptoms other than pain
Published in Rodger Charlton, Primary Palliative Care, 2018
In patients with advanced cancer, two specific situations are common: dry mouthoral thrush.
Mycobacterium avium complex and Cryptococcus neoformans co-infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Emilien Gregoire, Benoit François Pirotte, Filip Moerman, Antoine Altdorfer, Laura Gaspard, Eric Firre, Martial Moonen, Gilles Darcis
A 28-year-old Belgian Caucasian patient presented at the emergency department complaining about anorexia, dysphagia, weight loss (more than 10% in 6 months), low-grade fever and headache for several weeks. His medical history consisted of uncomplicated gastro-jejunal by-pass surgery at the age of 18. The patient reported unprotected sex, including insertive and receptive anal intercourse with several male partners during the last few years. HIV test was never performed in the past. There was no history of tobacco use nor recreational drug use. Alcohol consumption was occasional. Vital signs at admission showed tachycardia at 130 beats per minute and central temperature of 37.8°C. Arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation breathing room air were within normal range. At clinical examination, the patient was conscious and well oriented in time and space, but he showed bradyphrenia and irritability. He was cachectic and had pale teguments and dry skin. Oral thrush on posterior tongue and soft palate was a sign of oral candidiasis. Swollen motile sub centimetric lymph nodes were palpable in the neck, axillary pits and groin area. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated deficit in abduction of left eye, sign of palsy of the sixth facial nerve. The rest of the physical examination was normal.
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a patient with AIDS: a challenging diagnosis
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Hsien Lee Lau, Daniela F. De Lima Corvino, Francisco M. Guerra, Amer M. Malik, Paola N. Lichtenberger, Sakir H. Gultekin, Jana M. Ritter, Shantanu Roy, Ibne Karim M. Ali, Jennifer R. Cope, M. Judith D. Post, Jose A. Gonzales Zamora
He was empirically treated with vancomycin and cefepime for a presumptive brain abscess. Given his low CD4 count, toxoplasmosis was considered as one of the possible causes, for which he received treatment with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and leucovorin. Fluconazole was also added for oral thrush. Several days later, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast re-demonstrated a right occipitoparietal enhancing lesion with low T1 and high T2 signal measuring approximately 4 cm, with significant edema, leptomeningeal enhancement (Figure 1(b)), and multiple punctate hemorrhages (Figure 1(c)). Further work up for tuberculosis with interferon gamma releasing assay (IGRA) was indeterminate. Additional laboratory studies showed positive CMV (cytomegalovirus) IgG and syphilis IgG titers, with a non-reactive serum RPR (rapid plasma reagin). The remaining work-up that included toxoplasma IgG and PCR (polymerase chain reaction), histoplasma urine antigen, hepatitis serology, Cryptococcus antigen, and blood cultures were all negative. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) showed 236 white blood cells with lymphocytosis of 94%, no red blood cells, normal glucose, and elevated protein > 600 mg/dl. CSF studies were negative for toxoplasma PCR, VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test), Cryptococcus antigen, MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) PCR, viral encephalitis panel, and cultures; however, EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) PCR was non-negligible with 488 IU/ml. Cytology showed increased lymphoid cells with no evidence of lymphoma. Flow cytometry was unremarkable.
Effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate on Candida spp.: antifungal activity, anti-biofilm properties, and protective effects on Galleria mellonella against C. albicans infection
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Rodnei Dennis Rossoni, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros, Lucas Alexandre das Chagas Lopes, Felipe Camargo Ribeiro, Toshiyuki Nakatsuka, Hideto Kasaba, Juliana Campos Junqueira
Oral infections caused by Candida species, the most commonly isolated fungal pathogen in humans, are frequently associated with biofilms (Millsop and Fazel 2016; Vipulanandan et al. 2018). Although Candida species are an integral part of the human microbiome, they can be pathogenic, can invade tissues and proliferate under certain predisposing conditions, such as an impaired immune system or with changes in normal microbiota following antibiotic therapy (Lewis and Williams 2017; Silva et al. 2017; Montelongo-Jauregui and Lopez-Ribot 2018). Candida albicans is the predominant organism found in patients with oral thrush, a biofilm infection; however, recently there has been an increasing incidence of oral colonization and infections caused by non-albicans Candida fungi, including C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. These species frequently show increased resistance to antifungal treatment (Araujo et al. 2017; Vipulanandan et al. 2018).