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Clinical examination
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Clarissa Prieto Herman Reinehr, Juliano Peruzzo, Tania Cestari
The use of topical medication should be investigated, since latanoprost and other prostaglandin analogs may be associated with lipodystrophy in the eyelid region, accentuating the tear trough. This type of lipodystrophy is generally reversible upon drug cessation, if possible. In addition, prostaglandin analogs can trigger reversible hyperpigmentation of the eyelid area.10
Cutaneous Manifestations of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Published in Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame, Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Deborah B. Henderson, Clay J. Cockerell
As mentioned before, many of the PI-related toxicities demonstrate complete resolution without treatment following discontinuation of the PI. Steroid coadministration has varying success at improving cutaneous eruptions and hypersensitivity syndromes,58 and systemic antihistamines are administered for symptomatic improvement of accompanying pruritus. Desensitization is also utilized to prevent additional cases of nelfinavir-associated urticarial eruptions. Diet, exercise, and weight loss are simple, first-line therapies for PI-associated fat redistribution and metabolic derangement. Other more invasive treatment modalities for lipodystrophy are discussed below.
The metabolic syndrome
Published in H. Gavras, The Year in Hypertension 2004, 2004
INTERPRETATION. Some HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy develop IR and dyslipidaemia that is close to the pattern observed in the metabolic syndrome. These metabolic abnormalities are frequently, but not always, associated with abnormal fat distribution (lipodystrophy).
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of antisense inhibition of apolipoprotein C-III with volanesorsen in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Laura D’Erasmo, Antonio Gallo, Alessia Di Costanzo, Eric Bruckert, Marcello Arca
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare condition (estimated frequency 1 in 60,000) characterized by an abnormal distribution of adipose tissue [13]. In normal conditions, adipose tissue is found in many parts of the body, including beneath the skin and surrounding the internal organs. In people with FPLD, adipose tissue is lost from the arms, legs, and hips, giving these parts of the body a very muscular appearance. The fat cannot be stored in the limbs and instead accumulates around the face and neck, and at the intra-abdominal level. An sHTG phenotype is often observed in this condition, together with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver. Familial partial lipodystrophy can be caused by mutations in several genes. Most cases are Type 2 (also called Dunnigan type FPLD or FPLD2) and are caused by mutations in the Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene being inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern [13]. Patients suffering from FPLD2 can also develop myopathy, cardiomyopathy, and coronary artery disease and have a smaller prevalence of AP.
A subset of patients with acquired partial lipodystrophy developing severe metabolic abnormalities
Published in Endocrine Research, 2019
Basak Ozgen Saydam, Melda Sonmez, Ilgin Yildirim Simsir, Mehmet Sercan Erturk, Mustafa Kulaksizoglu, Tugba Arkan, Zeliha Hekimsoy, Umit Cavdar, Gulcin Akinci, Tevfik Demir, Canan Tuncer Altay, Ercan Mihci, Mustafa Secil, Baris Akinci
Lipodystrophy is a very heterogeneous disorder.2,3 Previous reports suggested that metabolic abnormalities developed in few patients with APL.4–8 In a study that includes a report of 35 cases with APL and also a literature review, Misra et al.9 proposed that the prevalence of diabetes was roughly similar to that of the general population. However, it should be noted that clinical characteristics of these patients were mainly described when the diagnosis was first made.4,9–11 On the other hand, Misra et al.9 described several patients with high triglycerides and hepatic steatosis in their cohort. Our recent observational study showed that a remarkable number of patients with APL developed metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis at least in later stages of the disorder. It was also remarkable that some patients with APL were diagnosed with diabetes at a relatively young age which was apparently associated with insulin resistance.12
Diabetes mellitus in people living with HIV/AIDS: prevalence and associated risk factors
Published in AIDS Care, 2020
Gilmara Holanda da Cunha, Katia Barbosa Franco, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão, Maria Amanda Correia Lima, Marina Soares Monteiro Fontenele, Larissa Rodrigues Siqueira, Ane Kelly Lima Ramalho, Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine
The majority were in the category of sexual exposure (129; 76.8%), heterosexual (105; 62.5%) and homosexual (44; 26.1%). Among the patients, 68 lived with partner (40.5%), 19 seroconcordant (11.3%) and 53 serodiscordant (31.5%). The most used antiretrovirals were lamivudine (91.1%), tenofovir (71.0%) and efavirenz (48.5%). Lipodystrophy was identified in 26.2% of patients. Most individuals had anti-HIV serology for more than one year (90.5%) and were on ART for more than 36 months (55.3%). In the laboratory tests, 74.4% had a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count > 350 cells/mm3 (mean ± SD: 602 ± 320; minimum: 19; maximum: 1,875), and 73.2% with a viral load less than 50 copies/ml or undetectable (mean ± SD: 830,000 ± 1,508,000; minimum: 0; maximum: 705,770).