Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Lipodystrophy (lipoatrophy) is a localised or generalised loss of fatty tissue, which can be primary or secondary. It can be a complication of long-term administration of insulin, following treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with protease inhibitors or in transplant recipients.
Efavirenz
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alan C. Street, Irani Thevarajan
Subsequent studies involving efavirenz combined with nucleoside/nucleotide drugs with a low potential for causing lipoatrophy have provided reassurance about the low risk of lipoatrophy with efavirenz. ACTG 5202 randomized patients to efavirenz or atazanavir–ritonavir, and abacavir plus lamivudine or tenofovir plus emtricitabine. In a substudy, ACTG A5224s, the risk of lipoatrophy (defined as 10% or greater in limb fat mass) at week 96 was low with efavirenz and no higher than with atazanavir–ritonavir in both the nucleoside/nucleotide backbone groups (McComsey et al., 2011b). In the STARTMRK study, similarly low rates of lipoatrophy at week 96 were described in those randomized to either efavirenz or raltegravir plus tenofovir plus emtricitabine (Lennox et al., 2010). An observational study of 44 patients treated with tenofovir plus emtricitabine and either efavirenz (21 patients) or lopinavir–ritonavir (23 patients) found that only 2 patients in each group had > 20% limb fat loss at 48 weeks; corresponding numbers for > 10% limb fat loss were 3 and 5 patients, respectively (Domingo et al., 2014).
Practice Paper 1: Answers
Published in Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell, Saran Shantikumar, Get ahead! Medicine, 2016
Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell
Lipoatrophy describes a localized loss of fat tissue, which may occur in people with diabetes at the site of repeated subcutaneous insulin injections. Lipohypertrophy is the accumulation of fat at the point of repeated subcutaneous injections. Both of these conditions can be avoided by regularly rotating injection sites.
Effect of lipodystrophy on self-esteem and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Larissa Rodrigues Siqueira, Gilmara Holanda da Cunha, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão, Marina Soares Monteiro Fontenele, Franscisco Vagnaldo Fechine, Melissa Soares Medeiros, Lavna Albuquerque Moreira
In this study, to be considered with lipodystrophy, the criteria should be met: diagnosis of lipodystrophy described in the patient's medical record, self-report of lipodystrophy by the patient, and clinical examination by an infectious disease doctor, considering (Alencastro et al., 2017; Finkelstein et al., 2015): (1) Lipoatrophy: reduction of fat in peripheral regions, such as arms, legs, face and buttocks, with muscular and venous prominence; (2) Lipohypertrophy: accumulation of fat in different parts of the body, mainly in the abdomen and back, gynecomastia in men and breast enlargement in women; (3) Mixed form: association of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy.
Monogenic forms of lipodystrophic syndromes: diagnosis, detection, and practical management considerations from clinical cases
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Camille Vatier, Marie-Christine Vantyghem, Caroline Storey, Isabelle Jéru, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Bruno Fève, Olivier Lascols, Jacques Beltrand, Jean-Claude Carel, Corinne Vigouroux, Elise Bismuth
Patient 2 also presented with BSCL, a rare disease with a reported prevalence of 0.01–4 per 100,000, depending on the world region29. The patient, who had the BSCL1 sub-type, was initially referred to hospital for diarrhea and failure to thrive, which are unusual symptoms in the diagnosis of congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Van Maldergem et al.16 described 17 patients with BSCL1, of whom 11 had their condition diagnosed before age 1 year. Only one patient had failure to thrive, but without diarrhea. Seven patients were referred for lipoatrophy (with a family history in two cases) and two for hepatomegaly.
Effect of matrix composition, sphere size and hormone concentration on diffusion coefficient of insulin for controlled gastrointestinal delivery for diabetes treatment
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Fernando Villaverde Cendon, Regina Maria Matos Jorge, Regina Weinschutz, Alvaro Luiz Mathias
Currently, insulin may be administered subcutaneously by the diabetic himself by means of syringes or insulin pens. As a result of such regular application, alterations such as erythema or hardening caused by trauma from the syringes may be observed on the surface of the epithelial tissue. Lipodystrophy is frequently seen in the form of either lipoatrophy, which is a result of an immunological reaction, or lipohypertrophy, which is caused by repeated insulin injections in the same area, promoting metabolic alterations which lead to excessive fat storage in the hypodermic region (Richardson and Kerr, 2012).