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Retinoids in Hair Disorders
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
Brent J. Doolan, Rodney Sinclair
Monilethrix presents clinically with hair that tends to be normal at birth but becomes short, fragile, and brittle within months. This results in hypotrichosis, particularly on the occipital scalp (42). It is characterized by regular, periodic thinning of hair shafts, giving them a beaded appearance. Although the occipital scalp is most commonly affected, the eyebrows and eyelashes can be involved, as well as the nails. Three genes have been associated with monilethrix (KRT81, KRT83, and KRT86), which are responsible for the autosomal dominant form of the disease (43).
Hair and nails
Published in A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll, Paediatric Symptom Sorter, 2017
A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll
Hair, derived from the epidermis, develops around the third to fourth month of the fetal life. At birth, the number of hair follicles on the scalp (about a million) and on other parts of the body (about 4 million) stabilises, and no more follicles are developed. The hair cycle consists of a growing phase of hair (anagen), which lasts about 3 months and constitutes about 90% of the total hair, and a resting phase (telogen), which also lasts about 3 months. Alopecia is not very common in children but is usually traumatic for the child and their parents. Common age is 5–12 years. It may occur in patches (areata), on the entire scalp (totalis) or over the entire body (universalis). Alopecia may also be scarring or non-scarring. Alopecia areata is the most common type of alopecia, affecting l%–2% of the worlds population. In children the prognosis is good; some 80%–90% will experience regrowth of their hair within a year. Hypotrichosis indicates deficient hair growth.
Telogen effluvium: Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management
Published in Jerry Shapiro, Nina Otberg, Hair Loss and Restoration, 2015
Short anagen (SA) is characterized by a persistent mild shedding in combination with a relatively short length of hair. The existence of SA syndrome has been postulated. SA phases have been found in patients with trichodental dysplasia and forms of hereditary hypotrichosis [2–5].
Ectodermal Dysplasia: Association with Anti-Basement Membrane Autoantibodies
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Francisco Lucero Saá, Federico Andrés Cremona, Natalia Ximena Mínguez, Carina Paola Rinaudo, Pablo Chiaradía
23-year-old female presented with a history of recurrent corneal epithelial defects, corneal scarring and severe photophobia since early childhood. Her father and one of her brothers had already been diagnosed with ED. General physical examination yielded the following findings: generalized hypotrichosis; xerotic and hyperkeratotic skin; dental hypoplasia and cleft palate; ectrodactyly and syndactyly. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral tarsorrhaphy, trichiasis, distichiasis, subepithelial conjunctival fibrosis and fornix shortening. The cornea showed neovascularization, scarring and mild thinning (Figure 2A). Visual acuity was counting fingers in right eye and hand motion in left eye. Conjunctival immunohistopathology revealed anti-basement membrane autoantibodies (Figure 2B). Systemic immunosuppression showed benefits, including stabilization of neovascularization, reduction of conjunctival inflammation and improvement of dry-eye symptoms.
Successful treatment of hereditary hypotrichosis simplex by platelet rich plasma injection with topical minoxidil 2%
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Wafaa M. Ramadan, Arwa M. Hassan, Esraa E. El-Hawary, Nesrin S. Gomaa
Hair examination of the three patients revealed that hypotrichosis was limited to scalp and no affection of other ectodermal tissues as nail, teeth or sweat. Hair was thin, short and not easily plugged with negative pull test. Dermoscopic examination showed that most of the pulled hairs were in anagen phase with no obvious alteration of hair shaft or internal root sheath. All these findings go well with the case of HHS reported (Figure 1(c,f))
Uses of eye drops in dermatology, literature review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Sameh Magdy Sarsik, Heba Saed El-Amawy
Hypotrichosis refers to a lack of hair in comparison to normal. Hypotrichosis of the eyelashes can be caused by inherited factors, aging, or drugs such as chemotherapy. Trauma to the face, eye surgery, or trichotillomania are all reasons (39).