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Hair and nail disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
This is a common, dominantly inherited, progressive form of alopecia, which is seen mostly in men. It develops symmetrically at certain specific sites on the scalp and eventually causes almost complete scalp hair loss in some patients.
Disorders of hair and nails
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
This is a common, dominantly inherited, progressive form of alopecia, which is seen mostly in men, develops symmetrically at certain specific sites on the scalp and eventually causes almost complete scalp hair loss in some patients.
Principal Treatment-Related Side Effects
Published in Tariq I. Mughal, Precision Haematological Cancer Medicine, 2018
Alopecia, in particular scalp hair loss, is distressing, both physically and psychologically, and a common side effect of many of the cytotoxic drugs, but not kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies, which are used to treat patients with haematological malignancies (Figure 13.4). It induces body image and interpersonal problems, which often begin soon after cancer therapy is commenced. In some patients, the scalp hair loss is almost total, but fully reversible. The new hair is often curlier and might be of a lighter shade. Some institutions offer methods of scalp cooling, which may prevent hair loss in some patients by preventing the drugs from entering the scalp (and so pose a theoretical risk of residual cancer cells in the scalp blood vessels). Most patients prefer to cover their heads, either with scarves, turbans, hats or wigs. It is often less traumatic for patients to select their preferred head covering before hair loss begins as this can serve to prepare the patient for the alopecia.
JAK inhibitors in dermatology: the road travelled and path ahead, a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Aishwarya Muddebihal, Ananta Khurana, Kabir Sardana
Better clinical outcomes have been linked to shorter disease duration and peribulbar inflammationon pretreatment scalp biopsies [21]; while patients with disease duration >10 years are less likely to respond to tofacitininib [22]. With each year leading to 10 year of complete scalp hair loss there is trend towards decrease likelihood of complete regrowth. Patients with AA show better response compared to patients with AT/AU, although the latter can also show a remarkable response to treatment. Unfortunately, relapse is seen in around 25% patients a median of 8.5 weeks after cessation of treatment, necessitating prolonged maintenance [23]. Co-administration with steroids has been shown not to add to efficacy but to add significantly to adverse events, and thus must be avoided [26] [Table 4].
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: a retrospective analysis of four cases at a single medical center
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Xing Yu, Chengdang Wang, Mi Wang, Yinchen Wu, Linlin Zhang, Qinyu Yang, Long Chen
Digestive symptoms were the initial clinical symptoms in all the four patients. The main digestive symptoms were diarrhea (4/4), abdominal pain (2/4), abdominal distension (1/4), hypogeusia (2/4), and bloody stool (1/4). The diarrhea usually occurred 3–5 times per day and occasionally up to 8–10 times with mushy or watery stools. All the patients had at least one symptom of ectodermal dysplasia, including alopecia (3/4) (Figure 1(A)), nail dystrophy (4/4) (Figure 1(B)) and skin hyperpigmentation (3/4), and two patients had all ectodermal symptoms. Scalp hair loss was the most common type of hair loss, which also occurred in the eyebrows, pubic hair, and armpits. Nail dystrophy was characterized by thinning and shedding of nails. Skin hyperpigmentation was mainly observed on the face and limbs. Weight loss (4/4) and edema (2/4) also occurred.
The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of alopecia
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Margit L. W. Juhász, Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska
Although the use of PDEi in in vitro and animal AA models has been promising, in human AA patients results have been underwhelming. Two small, prospective studies with a total of 17 patients (7 male patients and 10 female patients) with an age range from 6 to 76 years, one RCT with 30 patients (9 male patients and 21 female patients) with an age range from 20 to 72 years, and three case reports were found for inclusion. In the first prospective study, eight children (age range 6–14 years) with mild AA (≤25% scalp hair loss) were treated with topical sildenafil (PDE5i) cream 1% twice daily. After three months, two patients demonstrated regrowth of vellus hair and one with terminal hair in treated alopecic patches. Unfortunately, regrowth also occurred in untreated patches making it hard to distinguish whether regrowth was spontaneous or due to sildenafil. No patient progressed to total scalp hair loss, and no adverse events were reported (17).