China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Alopecia Areata/Hair Loss
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Biotin and Zinc: A deficiency in biotin may lead to hair loss, which indicates that the vitamin is important for hair.8 Taking biotin (30–100 mcg/day) and zinc by mouth, in addition to applying a cream containing the chemical compound clobetasol propio-nate (Olux, Temovate) to the skin, might help reduce hair loss.9
Emerging Oral Treatments: Oral Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Jared Marc John, Rodney Sinclair
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a complex disorder of hair loss characterized by progressive follicular miniaturization in a patterned distribution that occurs due to systemic androgen and genetic factors (Figure 11B.1) [1, 2]. It is the most common form of hair loss in both genders, beginning soon after puberty and gradually worsening over time [3, 4]. Normal androgen levels are sufficient to cause hair loss in genetically susceptible individuals [4].
Alcohol, drugs, toxins and post-mortem toxicology
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Colin Smith, Christopher Milroy
Thallium is used in the glass and semiconductor industry and, rarely in the developed world, as a pesticide and has been described in accidental, suicidal and homicidal poisoning. The clinical presentation is of unexplained gastrointestinal disturbance followed by a peripheral neuropathy. Unexpected hair loss may occur. Motor weakness and cranial neuropathies can develop. Uniquely it has been identified in cremated remains following homicidal poisoning and may also be identified at autopsy by radiology, as it accumulates in the liver and is radiopaque. The neuropathological features are rather non-specific and include cerebral oedema with petechial haemorrhages. Chromatolysis of motor neurons is seen and sampling of the distal peripheral nervous system may show loss of myelinated axons (Cavanagh et al. 1974).
Standardization of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) and its effects on androgenic hair loss
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Mehdi Zolfaghari, Mohieddin Barzegar, Vahid Amiri, Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani, Shaboo Jesri, Abdollah Kiani Harchegani, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
Given to the up-regulation of perifollicular 5-a reductase in AGA, the significant role of hormones is inevitable. By rapidly converting circulating testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), activation of the gene encoding perifollicular 5-a reductase is considered to be responsible for the accelerated transformation of healthy terminal follicles into Vellus-like hair (10). Several substances have been proposed for hair loss therapy. Currently the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA has approved minoxidil and oral finasteride as the only reliable treatment for the management of AGA. However, some side effects, such as scalp itching, dryness, scaling, and burning are associated with the use of minoxidil,and low libido and erectile dysfunction are related to finasteride intake. These side effects along with the important point that these options typically require a great degree of compliance and a long period to achieve effectiveness are the main drawbacks of such drugs (11).
Hair growth potential of Salvia plebeia extract and its associated mechanisms
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Guang-Ri Jin, Yi-Lin Zhang, Jonathan Yap, William A. Boisvert, Bog-Hieu Lee
According to clinical investigations, most hair growth disorders result primarily from changes in the three phases of hair follicle cycling, growth (anagen), regression (catagen), and rest (telogen) (Krause and Foitzik 2006). Androgenetic alopecia, a hair loss condition mediated by dihydrotestosterone, is one of the most common types of male-pattern hair loss, not only affecting 80% of men but also up to 50% of women. The key features of androgenetic alopecia are shortening of anagen and prolongation of telogen phases, accompanied by follicular miniaturization (Piraccini and Alessandrini 2014). Previous studies have suggested that the autocrine and paracrine factors from DPC and the increase of β-catenin in DPC, which is regulated by Wnt signal, are important for the maintenance of anagen phase and regeneration of hair follicle cycle (Kishimoto et al. 2000; Shimizu and Morgan 2004; Kwack et al. 2008). Minoxidil, the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for hair growth, is known to promote the survival of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (also known as Akt) signalling, and prevent hDPCs apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (Han et al. 2004). Given the transient efficacy and widely reported side effects of minoxidil, the development of novel agents that promote hair growth safely and effectively will be beneficial to those affected by hair loss.
The Influence of Race and Sex on the Side Effect Profile of Methotrexate in the Treatment of Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Kara C. LaMattina, Sarah M. Escott, Julia F. Malalis, David Mai, Yosuke Harada, Debra A. Goldstein
Hair loss is also a well-known side effect of MTX; however, there are limited data looking at racial and sex differences in its development. The growing hair root possesses high metabolic and mitotic activity, and thus can be vulnerable to antimitotic and cytostatic agents.20 In our study, hair loss occurred in 9% of patients. This proportion is within the range previously reported in other studies (0.5–13%).1,9 We report alopecia twice as commonly in African Americans compared to Caucasians, however the data set was too small to draw statistically significant conclusions. Investigations into the genes involved in folate metabolism and transport have suggested that genetic variations may be important in defining an individual’s response to MTX, including the risks of toxicity.11,21,22 The majority of research to date has been in patients taking methotrexate for the treatment of RA, and has focused on mutations in the MTHFR and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) genes.11,21–23