China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pregnancy in Spinal Cord Injury
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
The pregnant woman with SCI often shows anemia and fatigue, water retention, and edema of the lower extremities, augmented spasticity and pain, which can together with the decreased mobility cause decubitus ulcers. A larger wheelchair and change of cushion and matrass may be necessary. In case of dry skin a non-sensitizing skin moisturizer should be used.41 Healthy diet is recommended, as well as to control weight every four weeks and then every two weeks during the last two months of pregnancy.41 The risk for thromboembolism increases, and compression stockings as well as low-molecular-weight heparin administration from the fourth month on until the end of the postpartum period are recommended, even though a German guideline from 2019 advises it from the 28th week only.41 In high thoracic and cervical lesions, adapted respiratory rehabilitation may be required.
Introduction to Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski
Skin. While shine or gloss per se may not necessarily be a desirable goal for skin conditioners, it may be an advantage for a facial moisturizer to leave the skin with a "healthy glow." We note that "healthy" appearance claims make more sense when directed to skin, since that is a living organ. Another visual indicator of the quality of skin condition is its color. Color is an important indicator because dry skin can take on a whitish or grayish cast as light is scattered by the loose scales of the stratum corneum; in blacks this gives skin an "ashy" appearance (2). Severely dry skin may have a reddened or cracked appearance, which serves as a visual cue to its poor condition.
Signs and symptoms of skin disease
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Horn cells are constantly being shed from the skin surface (desquamation) at a rate that approximates to the rate at which the epidermal cells are being produced. The replacement time (turnover time) of the normal stratum corneum is approximately 14 days, but varies at different body sites and lengthens in old age. Normally, horn cells are shed singly, and the process is imperceptible. When the process of keratinization is disturbed, the horn cells tend to separate in clumps or scales rather than as single cells. Sometimes, the process is so disturbed that shedding of any type is impossible and the horny layer builds up into a thickened, horny patch of hyperkeratosis (Fig. 2.6). When the skin surface is scaly and roughened, it looks dry, and scaling skin disorders are sometimes known colloquially as ‘dry skin disorders’. Water placed on scaling skin makes the surface temporarily less scaly, but the scaling is not due to water deficiency.
Patient and caregiver preferences on treatment attributes for atopic dermatitis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Claire Ervin, Rebecca Crawford, Emily Evans, Steven R. Feldman, Joshua Zeichner, Michael A. Zielinski, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Marco DiBonaventura, Liza Takiya, Daniela E. Myers
Efficacy attributes were the most frequently reported attributes across the different subgroups (Table 3). Specifically, the resolution (alone) and the rapid resolution of all symptoms (n = 78 (75.7%); n = 80 (77.7%), respectively) followed by the resolution of itch specifically (n = 57 (55.3%)) were the most frequently reported efficacy-related treatment attributes. The concept of ‘all symptoms’ depended on the participant, but these commonly included itching, redness, bumpy, cracking, bleeding, or dry skin. Other frequently reported efficacy attributes included how long the effects of the medication lasted (n = 48 (46.6%)), how well the treatment moisturized and/or soften skin (n = 42 (40.8%)), and flare reduction and/or prevention (n = 29 (28.2%)).
Atopic dermatitis: new insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and novel treatment strategies
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Several genes have been linked to AD, mainly genes that encode epidermal structural proteins and genes that encode the main elements of the immune system. The reported strong association between AD and mutations in the filaggrin gene (a genetic risk factor for AD), located on chromosome 1 is a recent and important genetic discovery [11]. Approximately 10 percent of people from western cultures have mutations in the filaggrin gene, while about 50 percent of all patients with AD have those mutations. Mutations of the filaggrin gene cause functional impairments in the filaggrin protein and thus weaken the skin barrier. The clinical manifestation of these impairments is dry skin and an elevated risk of eczema. Not all patients with AD have these mutations, and there have also been other genetic variations incriminated. This is the cumulative action of both of these genetic variations along with AD causing environmental and developmental risk factors [12].
Dermocosmetics: beneficial adjuncts in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Elena Araviiskaia, Jose Luis Lopez Estebaranz, Carlo Pincelli
Facial cleansers typically contain a surfactant that is well-tolerated and effective at cleaning the skin and removing surface debris (86). Studies investigating cleansers containing BPO (4–6%) have demonstrated good tolerability, which may improve patient satisfaction and compliance to the treatment regimen (87,88). However, higher concentrations of BPO (5%) are associated with greater skin irritation than lower concentrations (89). Furthermore, BPO 10% has been shown to reduce levels of skin antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, impairing skin barrier function (90), and thus a dermocosmetic containing antioxidants is warranted to maintain barrier function. In addition, combining a facial cleanser with moisturizers has been shown to significantly decrease acne and improve dry skin, with 97% of patients finding the combination regimen ‘useful’ or ‘slightly useful’ (91).