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Head and neck
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Ectropion is the outward turning of the lower eyelid margin. Other related conditions include the following: Blepharochalasis is laxity of eyelid skin associated with aging.Blepharophimosis is an abnormally narrow palpebral fissure.Blepharoptosis (‘ptosis’) is an abnormally low upper lid margin (see above).
Blepharoplasty
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Dermatochalasis is often confused with blepharochalasis although the disorders are quite different in both their presentation and their aetiology. Blepharochalasis is a rare inflammatory condition that typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral as well as bilateral. It occurs more often in younger patients. The condition is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid oedema, which results in a ‘stretching’ and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue. The secondary effects of blepharochalasis include conjunctival hyperaemia and chemosis, entropion, ectropion, blepharoptosis, medial fat pad atrophy and thinning of eyelid skin.
How to master MCQs
Published in Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel, Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
In epiblepharon there is excess pre-tarsal skin and orbicularis oculi. This can cause misdirection of the eyelashes, resulting in corneal irritation and punctate keratitis. Dermatochalasis is seen in the elderly due to excess upper lid skin. Overhanging of the skin can cause superior visual field defects. Blepharochalasis affects younger people with recurrent inflammation and swelling of the upper lid. This can lead to loosening of the skin and levator dehiscence. It is not caused by allergy. Floppy eyelid syndrome typically affects middle-aged overweight males. The upper lid everts easily during sleep, causing mechanical irritation. Chronic papillary conjunctivitis and punctate keratitis are common. Brow ptosis can be involutional or the result of facial nerve palsy.
Stepwise surgery with variable adjustments for severe blepharochalasis with multiple chemical sensitivity: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Hisato Nagano, Takashi Domoto, Ryuichi Azuma, Tomoharu Kiyosawa
Blepharochalasis is a rare condition in which the eyelid skin becomes loose and redundant after repeated episodes of painless eyelid edema, which generally lasts for several days. It typically begins in childhood at an average age of 11 years and usually becomes less frequent in adulthood [1]. Many possible causes of blepharochalasis have been suggested, but the etiology remains unknown [1,2]. Several studies have suggested the possible involvement of immunological abnormalities [3–5]. We report a patient who had blepharochalasis and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a condition in which low-level exposure to chemicals is associated with various systemic symptoms [6]. The patient provided written consent for publication. MCS is considered to differ from simple allergic disorders but is highly prevalent in patients with allergic diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis [7].
The Histopathological Findings of Patients Who Underwent Blepharoplasty Due to Dermatochalasis
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Ali Karnaz, Yasemin Aslan Katircioglu, Evin Singar Ozdemir, Pınar Celebli, Sema Hucumenoglu, Firdevs Ornek
Skin is the main organ where age-related changes occur and the eyelid is the anatomic site where age-related changes first develop in the face.12–14 The lymphatic system of the eyelid may play a role in many pathophysiological conditions owing to its highly rich blood supply. There have been a number of studies directed toward understanding the pathophysiology of dermatochalasis and blepharochalasis that cause age-related loose eyelids.15–21 Common results of all those studies are elastic tissue loss, lymphedema, and various inflammatory signs.15–21 Our study demonstrated enlargement of lymphatic vessel diameter, increased number of dilated lymphatic vessels, increased stromal edema, disarrangement of collagen fibers, reduced elastic fiber density, and increased number of macrophages on histopathological examination of patients with DC in the blepharoplasty group (Figures 1–3).