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Basic dermatology in children and adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Kalyani Marathe, Kathleen Ellison
Stress and mechanical occlusion can exacerbate acne. The role of diet in acne pathogenesis remains controversial, but current research suggests diets with high glycemic index are positively associated with the development of acne.52 Certain medications including systemic steroids, anabolic steroids, lithium, phenytoin, isoniazid, and iodides, among others, can cause the sudden appearance of an acneiform eruption. Endocrinologic abnormalities are well-established causes of acne. A history of hirsutism, irregular menstrual periods, insulin resistance, or deepening of the voice should prompt a further investigation into possible endocrine disturbances that include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). These patients should be screened with lab tests, including serum free and total testosterone, DHEA-S, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Glucose intolerance and diabetes screening should also be considered.
Acneiform Eruptions
Published in Gabriella Fabbrocini, Mario E. Lacouture, Antonella Tosti, Dermatologic Reactions to Cancer Therapies, 2019
Gabriella Fabbrocini, Maria Concetta Romano, Sara Cacciapuoti, Luigia Panariello
Acneiform eruptions are defined as dermatoses that can be similar to acne vulgaris. Lesions may be papulopustular, nodular, or cystic. Acneiform eruptions usually lack comedones, whereas acne vulgaris typically consists of comedones. In this chapter we will focus on anti-EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi)–induced acneiform eruption, which is one of the most frequent dermatologic side effects occurring in oncologic patients, treated with these innovative drugs. The EGFRis most frequently responsible of acneiform eruption and their mechanism of action are listed in Table 2.1.
Topical Agents
Published in John Y. M. Koo, Ethan C. Levin, Argentina Leon, Jashin J. Wu, Alice B. Gottlieb, Moderate to Severe Psoriasis, 2014
Rosemary deShazo, Gerald G. Krueger, Kristina Callis Duffin
The adverse effects of topical corticosteroids are well known and limit the frequency and continuity of treatment (Table 3.2). Cutaneous adverse events are the most common and usually occur when corticosteroids are used with excessive frequency or duration or on steroid-sensitive sites such as the face or intertriginous areas. The same antiproliferative and antimitotic actions of topical corticosteroids that make them effective for psoriasis also contribute to their atrophogenic potential. Early signs of atrophy include visualization of the superficial vascular plexus [44]. With further atrophy of the epidermis and dermis, the skin becomes thin and fragile and is easily lacerated and bruised. Further loss of dermal elements leads to vascular dilatation with telangiectasia formation and tearing of dermal connective tissue, causing irreversible, purplish striae. Acneiform eruptions may occur, particularly if high potency agents are used on the face. Irritation may occur as a result of epidermal atrophy or intolerance to components of the vehicle. Allergic contact dermatitis is rare but has been reported [45]. Rebound (the abrupt worsening of psoriasis or the development of pustular psoriasis after discontinuation of topical steroids) has been observed, particularly when agents are applied under occlusion [46–48].
Toxicity induced by multiple high doses of vitamin B12 during pernicious anemia treatment: a case report
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Jessica Morales-Gutierrez, Sebastián Díaz-Cortés, María A. Montoya-Giraldo, Andres F. Zuluaga
Based on these results, the endocrinologist prescribed 1 mg per day of intramuscular cyanocobalamin for six days, continuing with 1 mg weekly until completing a month. After three weeks, the patient stopped the treatment due to general discomfort. As a serum B12 level of 366 pg/mL (low-normal level) was obtained, the endocrinologist ordered to re-start the treatment of 1 mg daily for another six days. Three days later, the patient noticed for the first time the appearance of acneiform eruptions on the forehead, chin, neck, chest, and back. On the fourth day, she manifested palpitations, anxiety, akathisia, facial ruddiness, headache, and insomnia. Therefore, she decided to stop the treatment again. After 72 h the symptoms still persisted, especially anxiety and insomnia, requiring mexazolam 1 mg p.o. daily for two doses, with partial improvement. Almost all symptoms disappeared in the following week, but the acneiform eruption improved only after two weeks. Then, a serum B12 level of 1858 pg/mL was finally reported.
Acneiform eruption associated with the use of vortioxetine
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Acneiform is used to describe eruptions that resemble acne vulgaris, but are not aetiologically similar. Acneiform eruption, which is diagnosed based on medical history and clinical features, usually begins within the first 1–3 weeks of drug use [7]. Acneiform eruptions are usually observed in adults, begins as an acute disease, and characterized by pustules on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, and back. Usually, comedones and cysts do not accompany. The lesions can sometimes be itchy. After drug withdrawal, they heal spontaneously depending on the half-life of the drug [8].
Evaluation of autologous platelet-rich plasma plus ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser in the treatment of acne scars
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Ahmed Mohammed Abdel Aal, Ibrahim Maeraj Ibrahim, Nevein Ahmed Sami, Ibrahim Mohammed Abdel Kareem
Acneiform eruption was observed after treatment in four patients out of 30 (13.3%) on their left sides, while it occurred only in two patients (6.67%) on their right sides of the face with a statistically significant reduction in the occurrence of acneiform eruption on the right side of the face. Other side effects such as petechiae, infections, milia, scaring, and post-inflammatory hypopigmentation did not occur on both sides.