China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Phytomedicines Targeting Antibiotic Resistance through Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation Associated with Acne Vulgaris
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Isa A. Lambrechts, Namrita Lall
Microcomedones (earliest subclinical lesions) develop into inflamed or non-inflamed lesions and can be considered the primary acne lesion. Microcomedones can develop into full comedones that can either be open as in the case with blackheads or closed as for whiteheads. However, if the comedo ruptures into the dermis, it results in more severe forms of inflammatory acne such as pustules, papules, nodules and cysts (Table 3.1). This can lead to various forms of scarring and pigmentation (Williams, Dellavalle, and Garner, 2012; Kaur et al., 2005; Singh, Hatwar, and Nayak, 2011; Dessinioti and Katsambas, 2010).
Patient assessment
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
The diagnosis of acne vulgaris is usually clinical, with a physician identifying the presence of comedones. Comedones are something with which almost every one of us is au fait; however, they are more commonly referred to as “whiteheads” or “blackheads” when describing their macroscopic appearance. The underlying physiology of these two distinct types of comedone is essentially the same, with a micro-comedone obstructing the pilosebaceous unit. The key differentiator as to which type of comedone will form is dependent on the level at which a microcomedone obstructs the unit. Should a microcomedone form deep within the pilosebaceous unit, then oxygen will not be able to reach the underlying mixture of dead keratinocytes and sebum and they will remain white, thus forming a “whitehead”. Should the microcomedone be causing a more distal obstruction, however, then oxygen will reach the dead keratinocytes and oxidise melanin within them. This reaction causes the melanin to turn black and unsurprisingly forming “blackheads”.
Treatment Algorithm for Acne Scars
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
Daniele Innocenzi, Ilaria Proietti, Concetta Potenza, Patrick M. Zito, Kenneth R. Beer
In uncomplicated cases, the comedone spontaneously uncaps to release the contained sebum and keratinous debris and may go on to develop into an inflamed acne lesion such as a papule, pustule, nodule or cyst from, which likely leads to scarring (Figure 16.1). A perifollicular abscess is due to ruptures through the weakened infrainfundibular section of the follicle. If the abscess rapidly encapsulates and communicates with the cornified layer, full release is still possible in 7–10 days with no sequelae [43,44].
Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne: a review of phase 2 & 3 trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Siddharth Bhatt, Rohit Kothari, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Sunmeet Sandhu, Mahsa Babaei, Mohamad Goldust
Topical usage of retinoids achieves an effective concentration in the skin and precludes from getting systemic adverse effects. Topical retinoids while targeting the epidermal proliferation, reduces the earliest precursor lesions of acne viz comedone. Thereby, making it the first-line therapy in the management of acne vulgaris currently. Retinoids, especially tretinoin being photolabile should ideally be applied during the night. Adapalene and tazarotene in this respect have the added advantage of being photostable and can be applied during the day. It has additional anti-inflammatory properties due to the inhibition of the lipo-oxygenase pathway and chemotaxis, along with free oxygen radical release from neutrophils. Adapalene at 0.3% has also been shown to reduce scar formation and pigmentation due to acne lesions. Erythema, scaling, pruritus, burning, stinging, dryness and irritation are common side effects. It can rarely lead to allergic contact dermatitis.
Treatment of refractory acne using selective sebaceous gland electro-thermolysis combined with non-thermal plasma
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Xiaojin Wu, Yali Yang, Yutong Wang, Haoyu Wang, Ying Zheng, Jun Chen, Hui Xu
Before treatment, patients were asked to apply a compound anesthetic cream (Tsinghua Tongfang Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China) for 30 minutes. A sterile acne needle was used to extract contents of the comedo or inflammatory lesion. An antenna endplate was then applied on patient’s back so that a monopolar circuit would be set. A disposable sterile microneedle with a 0.6 mm base insulation (Peninsula Medical Co. Ltd., ShenZhen, China) was inserted into the center of the lesional follicular pore at an angle of 60–70° and a radiofrequency (RF) current was applied 1–2 times per lesion. Initial RF parameter settings were set on 5 W and 300 ms and then adjusted by clinical presentations and patient’s tolerance. The NTP handpiece (Peninsula Medical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China) was applied after RF treatment. Each acne lesion was identified and treated for 2–3 times.
Chemomodulatory effects of Alysicarpus vaginalis extract via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis in breast cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Nikhil S. Sakle, Shweta A. More, Santosh N. Mokale
Histopathological section analysis of H and E stained mammary gland (Figure 7a,d) displaying that normal cellular arrangement was disturbed by MNU administration. The microscopic observation of the section shows cancerous tissue comprising of tubular structure separated by a small amount of connective tissue, intraductal carcinoma and cribriform pattern of cells with a small amount cytoplasm. Also, papillary structures and areas of necrosis with comedo patterns have a homogeneous appearance. Eosinophilic secretions were observed along with fibroadipose tissue. Abnormal mitosis was not seen in histological analysis. Histopathological observations of TB staining for mast cells are shown in Figure 7e,h. MNU treated rats showed a significant increase in the mast cell population which was changed by the treatment with TAM and AVEAF.