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Dental Disease, Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Douglas G. Thompson, Gregori M. Kurtzman, Chelsea Q. Watkins
As outlined, periodontal disease is identified by the presence of gingival bleeding, increased probing depth, evidence of bone loss on radiographs and potential tooth mobility during routine examination. Once identified, goal of treatment is the mechanical debridement (scaling and root planing) of the periodontal pockets and the associated teeth to remove hard formations (calculus), and disrupt and remove the soft sulcular biofilm (plaque) to levels that do not provoke a host response. Additionally, other host modulatory strategies, for example better nutrition, may be employed to alter the host response and to strengthen the autoimmune system. Salivary testing is performed prior to treatment to identify those patients who are at higher risk based on pathogenicity of the bacteria present and their concentrations. This information serves as a pretreatment baseline to compare to a post-treatment report confirming if the flora has been altered and if additional care is required. Genetic testing can also be obtained to learn information about the possible severity of the innate and acquired host response.
Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
Scaling and root planing are the simplest methods of pocket elimination and involve the meticulous removal of calculus and plaque, and the planing of roughened and otherwise altered root surfaces. Their clinical effectiveness as a separate entity is difficult to assess since they are always combined with measures to control plaque, which of themselves, have a significant therapeutic effect. Scaling and root planing combined with oral hygiene have been shown to reduce pocket depth.58,150,155 They have also been shown to maintain attachment levels and to prevent further increases in pocket depth.119,123
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
The mechanical removal of biofilm is mandatory rather than trying to fight against the microorganisms with antimicrobials and antibiotics. Mechanical debridement can be carried out using hand instruments like scalers. These instruments are modified to various shapes to access the inaccessible areas. Machine-driven instrumentation like the use of an ultrasonic vibration in scaler tips can also effectively remove plaque and tenacious deposits of calculus. The surface of the root is covered by a thin cementum layer. Deposits on this surface along with the granulation tissue should be removed by root planing. The diseased cementum should be removed and the soft tissue approximated back, expecting for healing with long junctional epithelium formation. This procedure was also found to reduce the pocket that resulted because of the disease process.
Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Complications and Prophylaxis Strategies
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Aleksandra Śledzińska, Paulina Śledzińska, Marek Bebyn, Oskar Komisarek
A program of aggressive oral preventative care appears to reduce the occurrence of all oral complications associated with chemotherapy (159–163). Scaling and root planing, caries treatment, and endodontic therapy should be included in pretreatment oral hygiene routines. A tooth extraction should be considered in cases of severe odontogenic disease. Dental or endodontic treatment should be pursued solely in patients with symptoms consistent with acute periapical infection (29). In patients with periodontal disease, pretherapy dental treatment is often recommended to minimize potential sources of odontogenic infection (27). Prior dental care can reduce the number of oral bacteria and the risk of infection during chemotherapy (164). Invasive manipulation of the soft tissues prior to chemotherapy appears to have no negative influence on the eventual occurrence of fever or bacteremia (165).
Salivary concentrations of macrophage activation-related chemokines are influenced by non-surgical periodontal treatment: a 12-week follow-up study
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Maria A. Grande, Daniel Belstrøm, Christian Damgaard, Palle Holmstrup, Eija Könönen, Mervi Gursoy, Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
The study was performed from September 2016 to the beginning of January 2017 at the Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed at baseline. The treatment consisted of comprehensive individual hygiene instructions followed by scaling and root planing. Full-mouth periodontal recordings (third molars excluded) were obtained at baseline and 12 weeks after therapy. The periodontal recordings were measured at six sites per tooth and included registrations of plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Control visits were performed 2 and 6 weeks after treatment. PI and BOP were recorded, and oral hygiene instructions were repeated, if plaque was present upon application of erythrosine. All recordings and treatments were performed by the same clinician (MAG).
Investigation of bacteremia after debonding procedures
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Yasin Akbulut, Merve Goymen, Yasemin Zer, Ayse Buyuktas Manay
Dajani et al. [13] and Er [14] reported that prophylaxis is necessary in dental procedures that can cause severe bleeding in intraoral soft and hard tissues, tooth extraction, implant placement, intraligamentary anesthesia, subgingival procedures, endodontic treatments that may exceed the apex, all periodontal treatments including descaling, curettage, root planing, periodontal pocket measurement, and insertion and removal of orthodontic bands. In contrast, they state that prophylaxis is not necessary in restorative treatments where bleeding is not expected, endodontic treatments in the canal, dental post placement, dental impression, postoperative suturing, topical fluoride application, administration of local anesthesia (except for intraligamentary anesthesia), radiographic applications, application of rubber dam, placement of mobile orthodontic and prosthetic devices, and insertion and removal of orthodontic apparatus, molar tubes and brackets.