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Adapting Injection Techniques to Special Indications
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Malalignment of the maxillary and mandibular arches plays an important role in mid and lower facial contours. The malposition also results in malocclusion, which is sometimes treated with orthodontic procedures.
The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Orthopedics(ortho- from tne Greek orthos, meaning correct or straight) is the term for the medical specialty that corrects deformities caused by disease or damage to the bones and joints. Similarly, orthodontics (Greek odous, tooth) refers to the branch of dentistry concerned with the correction and prevention of irregularities and malocclusion of the teeth. An orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon and orthodontist are the specialists in these fields.
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Distinctive facies include (i) macrocephaly (70% of cases); (ii) ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, strabismus or esotropia, cataracts, coloboma of the optic disc, ocular nerve palsies; (iii) redundant, furrowed skin over the glabella; (iv) wide nasal bridge and anteverted nares in infants, broad nose in older individuals; (v) macrostomia (abnormally large mouth); (vi) macroglossia (abnormally large tongue); (vii) dental malocclusion; (viii) midline groove in the lower lip and/or deep furrow in the middle of the tongue; (ix) cleft lip and/or submucous cleft palate (with a bifid uvula, 13%), high and narrow palate; (x) micrognathia (small mandible) in neonates, macrognathia in older individuals; (xi) preauricular tags, fistulas, ear lobule creases, helical dimples [2].
Relationship between mandibular dimensions and bite force: an exploratory study
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Talat Hasan Al-Gunaid, Abdullah Khaled Sunitan, Abdullah Bader Alharbi, Emad Ali Alhrbei, Isao Saito
Nanda et al. investigated the effects of the masseter muscle on bone shape and structure, concluding that the bone structure is dependent on masseter muscle activity [8]. Previous reports have shown that short-faced individuals tend to have a thicker masseter muscle and exhibit stronger bite force than normal- and long-faced people [9,10]. It has also been reported that masticatory muscle function has a possible influence on skeletal changes and craniofacial growth [11,12]. Araújo et al. [13] compared the bite force of different types of malocclusions. They found that individuals with normal occlusion showed the highest bite force, followed by Class II and Class III [13]. Okeson [14] reported that subjects with normal occlusion have a balanced distribution of occlusal contacts resulted in a balanced occlusal force. Trawitzki et al. [15] compared Class II, Class III and normal occlusion groups. The Class II and III subjects did not show any significant differences, while the normal occlusion group showed significantly greater bite force than Class II and Class III groups.
Molar protraction on an adult with severe high-angle Class III malocclusion and knife-edge residual ridges
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Adith Venugopal, Mona Sayegh Ghoussoub, Paolo Manzano, Prateek Mehta, Anand Marya, Nikhilesh R Vaid, Björn Ludwig, S. Jay Bowman
Class III malocclusions are an uncommon, complex and diverse set of malocclusions that vary in severity. They may sometimes manifest dentally, and at times involve the maxilla-mandibular skeleton or sometimes a combination of both[1]. The incidence of such malocclusions is between 1–4% in white population and a staggering 14% in Asians[2]. Treatments usually depend on the severity of the skeletal or dental component of the malocclusion and may involve compensatory treatment in the form of an orthodontic-surgical approach with unpredictable results. A surgery-aided orthodontic approach may be most chosen for a complex malocclusion with a severe transverse, sagittal or vertical discrepancy. However, in some cases, the patient is more interested in less invasive interventions. In such situations, one option is camouflage treatment with extractions [1,3]. A combination of the age of the patient, severity of malocclusion, underlying dental and skeletal anatomy, patients’ compliance, etc., would be critical in deciding the best treatment approach[4].
Reduced mesiodistal tooth dimension in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
L. Staun Larsen, K. J. Thuesen, H. Gjørup, J. D. Hald, M. Væth, M. Dalstra, D. Haubek
In addition to OI, some individuals are diagnosed with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) as part of the same genetic disorder. A diagnosis of DI is established clinically by a characteristic greyish-blue to brown discolouration (opalescent) as well as pulp obliterations of the teeth [7,8]. The discolouration is due to the underlying affected dentine only, though, the enamel is fragile given this abnormality. Structurally, dentine is composed of hydroxyapatite crystals and an organic phase composed almost entirely of collagen type-1 and water. Depending on the impact of DI, the impaired collagen may affect the outer contours of the tooth and the dimension of the tooth crown. Furthermore, malocclusion in terms of mandibular overjet and open bite is a common trait in patients with OI [9–12]. In a recent study, individuals with OI were shown to have more severe malocclusions than a control group, including a potential increased risk of crowding of maxillary incisors [13]. Previous studies have demonstrated crowding in the dental arches to be positively correlated with mesiodistal dimension of teeth [14–17]. Thus, it might be hypothesised that the mesiodistal dimension of teeth is increased in patients with OI, compared to healthy individuals. This is in contradiction to the hypothesised reduced tooth dimension due to the impaired collagen. Potentially, deviations in dimension might have restorative implications.