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Strip Crowns for Primary Incisors
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
The treatment of decayed primary incisors depends upon the stage of decay and the age and cooperation of the child patient. There are several options available to the dentist in treating such teeth. First and foremost, a comprehen sive preventive programme, including dietary coun selling, oral hygiene instruction and appropriate use of topical and systemic fluorides, is essential to arrest the caries process and prevent any further destruction (Chapter 1). In the past, inter-proximal disking of the teeth to render them self-cleansing has been described, although this technique does not remove the decay nor is it aesthetically pleasing. Others have advocated the use of orthodontic bands, open-faced stainless steel crowns, acrylic crowns or polycarbonate crowns. In this chapter a method is described for the aesthetic restoration of primary incisors utilizing preformed celluloid crown forms specially produced for primary incisors to produce a mouth-formed, direct, full-coverage composite resin restoration. This is known as the ‘strip crown technique’. Decayed, discoloured or malformed primary incisors may be restored using this method.
Posterior Maxillary Surgery: Its Place in the Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Greg J Knepil, Graham R Oliver
Distal repositioning of the posterior maxillary alveolus is suggested for increasing arch length for the management of orthodontic crowding, namely premolar or canine crowding. The authors acknowledge the need for this is rare and most issues can be managed orthodontically; however, they suggest its use in older patients where distal orthodontic tooth movement is more challenging. Notwithstanding this, the need for segmental maxillary surgery is lessened by the advancement of orthodontic techniques and mechanics, resulting in ever more achievable tooth movements and importantly greater acceptability to patients. The long-standing issues with all orthodontic and surgical movements are stability.
Release of Nickel Ion from the Metal and Its Alloys as Cause of Nickel Allergy
Published in Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach, Nickel and the Skin, 2019
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Katherine E. Reagan, Howard I. Maibach
Nickel and chromium concentrations were investigated in saliva of patients with different types of fixed appliances by Kerosuo et al. (1997). Saliva samples were collected from 47 orthodontic patients, ages 8 to 30 years. Four samples from each subject were collected: (1) before insertion of the appliance, (2) 1 to 2 days after, (3) 1 week after, and (4) 1 month after insertion of the appliance. Although a considerable variation in individual concentrations of both nickel and chromium in the saliva was observed, no significant differences were found between the no-appliance samples and the samples obtained after insertion of the appliances in the same patient. The results suggest that nickel and chromium concentrations of saliva are not significantly affected by fixed orthodontic appliances during the first month of treatment. Several studies in large and small cohorts of dental patients have been conducted to investigate the role of oral exposure to nickel containing restorative materials. These are reviewed here, together with reports of anecdotal observations.
Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment – a cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Barbro Fostad Salvesen, Jostein Grytten, Gunnar Rongen, Odd Carsten Koldsland, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic
Orthodontic treatment aims to establish good functional and aesthetic occlusion and to ensure long-term preservation of oral health [1,2]. Correcting crowded teeth enables patients to better perform oral hygiene and reduces occlusal trauma [1]. However, fixed orthodontic appliances might compromise adequate oral hygiene by increasing food residues and bacterial plaque retention [3]. Moreover, orthodontic appliances could generate similar negative effects as seen with overhanging restorations, which induce a subgingival microflora characteristic of periodontitis [4]. The incidence of gingivitis increases during orthodontic treatment and plaque retention at the gingival margin is an important aetiological factor in the development of periodontal disease [5]. Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases [6], it increases with age and poses a significant socio-economic burden to the aging global population [7]. Therefore, it is important to identify and control the aetiological factors leading to reduced periodontal health.
Updates on periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Tian-Hao Wu, Xue-Dong Wang, Yan-Heng Zhou
The placement of the orthodontic brackets and the activation of the arch wires are usually performed one week before the surgical procedure. In all cases, the initiation of orthodontic force should not be delayed more than 2 weeks after surgery because prolonged delay in orthodontic force application would not make full use of the stage of RAP occurrence. Orthodontists need to complete accelerated tooth movement within 4–6 months. After 4–6 months, the tooth movement rate returns to normal [22]. Given this limited ‘window’ of rapid movement, orthodontists need to advance arch wire sizes rapidly, initially engaging the largest arch wire possible. A case report of double corticotomy showed that the tooth movement speed was maintained in an accelerated state for another period of time after the second surgery; however, there was no significant difference in treatment cycle between once and twice corticotomy [28].
The efficacy of photobiomodulation in the management of gingivitis during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review of clinical studies
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Sandeep Talluri, Suma M Palaparthi, Basir Barmak, Junad Khan
Oral hygiene is often a challenge for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Despite modalities like orthodontic toothbrush, modified techniques for tooth brushing, flossing and patient education, orthodontists commonly encounter gingival inflammation in patients undergoing treatment. Whenever there is an imbalance between the oral microflora and host immune response, it can result in inflammation of oral tissues [1]. Presence of a retentive component and accumulation of food debris around it can result in an alteration of microbiome. Irritation caused by bands (mechanical) and cements (chemical) along with food impaction are the common aetiological factors for orthodontic-induced gingival enlargement [2] and it usually begins 1–2 months following initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment [3]. Studies have reported loss of clinical attachment, pain, bleeding on probing, gingival enlargement, gingival recession and periodontal inflammation in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment [2,3]. These enlargements may cause aesthetic and functional impairment resulting in compromised orthodontic treatment [4,5].