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Chest wall deformities
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Robert E. Kelly, Marcelo Martinez-Ferro, Horacio Abramson
During the weaning phase, patients wear the brace as a “retainer” during the day or overnight (they generally prefer the latter), every day for the first month, every 2 days for the second month, and every 3–4 days for the next few months (range: 2–6 months).
Drooling and Aspiration
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Orthodontists can assess those children for whom malocclusion is a contributory factor to persistent open-mouth posture. In addition, there are some enthusiasts for the use of intraoral appliances, such as the ISMAR (Innsbruck Sensory Motor Activator and Regulator) to treat drooling. The device looks much like a dental retainer with an acrylic plate covering the hard palate, held in place with wires around the teeth. A projection is added to the posterior edge with a rotating bead which stimulates the soft palate and tongue to initiate a swallow. Only about a third of children with cerebral palsy will tolerate such a device but, in those who do, significant improvements are seen in eating and drooling.31
Module 6: Promoting career development
Published in Ruth Chambers, Survival Skills for GPs, 2018
There are around 600 to 700 doctors on the retainer scheme in the UK, about 90% of whom are in general practice. Most are women doctors. Since June 1998, GP practices employing assistants for up to four sessions per week are entitled to an allowance of £45.75 for every 3.5 hour half-day session. A doctor can remain as a retainer for a maximum of five years. The retainer fee is currently £300 pa (to cover some of the costs of membership of a Defence Union and subscribing to a professional journal). Practices employing retainees need not be training practices, but must be capable of providing adequate education, supervision and support.
Malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among young Danish adults. Is there a difference between subjects who received orthodontic treatment during adolescence and subjects without treatment need? A cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Arwa Gera, Shadi Gera, Paolo M. Cattaneo, Marie A. Cornelis
In the present study, fixed retention was observed in 28 out of the 41 treated subjects. In the Netherlands, orthodontists more commonly use fixed retainers than removable retainers [28]. Since this is a cross-sectional study with a one-time point reference, the original malocclusion was unknown, and it is hard to speculate as to what may have occurred after debonding. Still, the LII was significantly better in the treated subjects with fixed retainers than in subjects without fixed retainers, which runs contrary to the findings of Schutz-Fransson et al. [29]. Conversely, PAR scores were not significantly different in treated subjects with or without fixed retainers. This might be related to the scoring of the anterior displacement component of the PAR index: scoring is not based on the absolute value of the measured displacement but, instead, the measured value in millimetres falls into a range which is then given a score (e.g. a displacement measured anywhere between 0 and 1 mm is given a score of 0 points, whereas a displacement of 1.1-2 mm is given a score of 1 point). In contrast, the LII sums the absolute values. Nevertheless, in the absence of a lower fixed retainer, the region most affected by relapse is indeed the mandibular anterior region, which is evaluated by the LII, whereas the PAR index evaluates several different components.
Computerized occlusal analysis of two different removable retainers used during retention phase- A Randomized controlled trial
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Priya B, Ravindra Kumar Jain, Purva Verma, Akriti Tiwari, Sathya Shankar
Although the role of occlusal disturbances as one of the aetiological factors of TMDs is controversial, correction of the occlusal disturbances in various cases affected by TMD provides pain relief and gives some respite from the symptoms [13]. This mandates us to evaluate the occlusal contacts after completion of orthodontic treatment [14]. Usually, occlusal contacts improve during the retention period because brackets with arch wires in place restricts vertical movements. The common combination of retainers used in clinical practice includes bonded retainers in the lower anterior region along with a Hawley’s retainer in the upper arch or a vacuum formed retainer in both the upper and lower arches. Begg’s wrap-around retainers are also very commonly used in practice and differ in wire component design when compared with a conventional Hawley retainer [15,16]. In the present university set up wrap around retainers are routinely used since they have wires passing occlusally only in the most distal tooth. Whether the type of retainer used has an effect on the occlusal contacts and forces needs to be established and this study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to assess the same.
Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment – a cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Barbro Fostad Salvesen, Jostein Grytten, Gunnar Rongen, Odd Carsten Koldsland, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic
After the active part of the orthodontic treatment is completed, some kind of retention is required to prevent relapse or secondary crowding [14]. Fixed retainers bonded to the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth are commonly used [15]. Their advantage is that patient compliance is not needed, but they warrant more detailed oral hygiene [16,17]. As there is no consensus among orthodontists regarding length of retention period, retainers are often prescribed indefinitely to maintain treatment result. Prolonged retention, however, may lead to negative effects on the periodontium [18]. It is therefore important to evaluate the possible effects of long-term orthodontic retention on periodontal status.