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Significant event analysis (SEA)
Published in Amar Rughani, Chris Franklin, Stephen Dixon, Dame Margaret Seward, John Renshaw, Personal Development Plans for Dentists, 2017
Amar Rughani, Chris Franklin, Stephen Dixon
Failure to diagnose acid erosion in a bulimic patient. This would remind us to examine more closely - for example, looking for cupping of the molar cusps or thinning and breakdown of the incisor edges.
The small intestine
Published in Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall, Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
Unlike parietal and chief cells in the gastric mucosa, which have plasma membranes resistant to acid erosion, most intestinal epithelial cells are vulnerable to damage from acids. Mucus, part of the extrinsic barrier, provides a level of protection, but as part of the intrinsic barrier the digestive tract relies upon a fast turnover of cells. There are a number of specialised cells that populate the digestive epithelium which are derived from stem cells and these include absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells. These cells emerge from the stem cells in the base of the intestinal crypts and, apart from Paneth cells, migrate and mature along the epithelium replacing the worn out cells (Figure 5.4). The majority of these cells only live a few days (3–6 days). This rapid turnover ensures that damaged or destroyed epithelial cells are rapidly replaced ensuring maintenance of the gastric barrier.
The Chemistry of Dental Caries
Published in Colin Robinson, Jennifer Kirkham, Roger Shore, Dental Enamel, 2017
Colin Robinson, John A. Weatherell, Jennifer Kirkham
The dark zone is not the only place in the lesion where remineralization occurs. The outer region of the enamel is more highly mineralized than the immediate subsurface. This feature has been called the intact surface zone and is often regarded as an essential characteristic of caries. While it is not actually intact, it distinguishes carious lesions from enamel dissolution produced by acid erosion, where the surface is simply etched away. It was at one time thought to be due to the surface being less soluble and bypassed by the process of dissolution. It is, however, not present at the start of lesion formation when a translucent zone exists at the very surface of the enamel and, like the dark zone, seems to be a developmental feature of the lesion.
Analysis of laboratory adhesion studies in eroded enamel and dentin: a scoping review
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Madalena Belmar da Costa, António H. S. Delgado, Teresa Pinheiro de Melo, Tomás Amorim, Ana Mano Azul
As for reestablishing mineral loss in dentin and trying to revert alterations caused by acid erosion, different pretreatments were tested. Some remineralizing agents like stannous-chloride and amine fluoride (SnCl2/AmF) were not persistent and did not increase the bond strength to eroded dentin nor did arginine-containing toothpastes [38,48]. In spite of these results, other types of remineralizing agents may lead to precipitation of calcium-fluoride-like deposits on the tooth surface, thus reducing the erosive mineral loss in dentin, as shown by Flury while experimenting with NaF and Sn/F solutions [55]. Krithi [34], on one hand, also demonstrated that sodium fluoride (NaF) showed improvement in bond strength results. On the other hand, the authors stressed the need for more studies regarding NovaMin [34], a type of bioglass composed of calcium sodium phosphor-silicate and usually indicated for dentin hypersensitivity [60]. Since remineralizing agents have a vast intervention field in operative dentistry and very few studies investigated these agents, further studies should be considered.
Mixed aerobic-anaerobic incubation conditions induce proteolytic activity from in vitro salivary biofilms
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Leanne M Cleaver, Rebecca Moazzez, Guy H Carpenter
The functionality of saliva depends on proteins. It is well known that bacteria produce proteases that can lead to reduced salivary protein function. Saliva contains over a thousand different proteins, but the most abundant includes α-amylase, cystatin, histatin, statherin, proline-rich proteins and mucin. One example of their importance is the protection of teeth from dietary acidity. Almost immediately after brushing, the proteins present in saliva form a conditioning film upon the tooth surface [1], known as the acquired enamel pellicle. The acquired enamel pellicle has been shown to provide a level of protection against dental erosion by inhibiting dietary acids from coming into contact with and demineralising the enamel. Moazzez and colleagues [2,3] showed that enamel pellicle has an influence on the effects of acid erosion on the tooth surface by comparing participants with dental erosion, healthy controls, and samples with no enamel pellicle. Healthy controls had increased microhardness and decreased roughness of the enamel compared to erosion patient samples and samples that lacked an enamel pellicle.
Effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Fatemeh Moharramkhani, Ladan Ranjbar Omrani, Mahdi Abbasi, Mohammad Javad Kharrazifard, Elham Ahmadi
Considering the scarcity of evidence regarding the preventive effects of fluoride varnish on erosion of glass ionomers, this experimental study aimed to assess the preventive effects of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge.