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Optimizing Physiology and Body Composition; Determining the Optimal Weight Category
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
In two separate studies performed by Dr. Chris Melby and co-workers (Schmidt et al. 1993), one in which wrestlers were studied over 2 years and one in which wrestlers were studied over 3 years, it was shown that in weight cycling wrestlers: those wrestlers that continually lost weight and regained it over the course of the season, did not have a reduction in resting metabolic rate or in other words they did not get fat over time by reduced resting energy expenditure. In other words, the weight cycling did not reduce their ability to burn calories at rest. This is contrary to the popular notion that there is a reduction in the resting metabolic rate as a result of continual weight cycling and a spontaneous weight gain without eating more in years after the athletes’ competitive career. Other possible explanations as to why former wrestlers appear to gain more weight over the course of their lifetime than their non-wrestling counterparts likely deal with the energy intake side (i.e., eating more than they expend) of the energy balance equation (as the resting metabolic rate deals with the energy expenditure side of the equation). In other words, for psychological reasons and/or possibly reasons related to appetite, former wrestlers may eat more calories than their non-wrestling counterparts over the course of their lifetime (especially after they are done wrestling). It is possible that this may require counselling and education on proper eating behaviors.
Obesity
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
In line with the high prevalence of obesity, there is also a high prevalence of weight dissatisfaction and dieting, particularly amongst women. At any one time, perhaps a third of American women are dieting and as many as 45 million Americans may start a diet each year and spend $33 billion on weight loss products. Recent Health Survey for England data suggests that 74% of obese adults, 53% of overweight adults and even 24% of people within the normal range claim that they are trying to lose weight. Despite this, two thirds of American adults and over 60% of English adults are overweight or obese and rates continue to rise. Many dieters fail to lose significant amounts of weight but many others do achieve substantial short-term weight losses only to regain this weight once their diet is relaxed. This cycle of weight loss and regain has been termed weight cycling or yo-yo dieting.
Lifestyle Approaches Targeting Obesity to Reduce Cancer Risk, Progression, and Recurrence
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Debora S. Bruno, Nathan A. Berger
In summary, dietary interventions have resulted in modest weight loss, improvement in cancer biomarkers, decrease in incidence of several cancers, and extended overall survival. Importantly, these beneficial effects appear to be associated with weight loss and are unlikely to occur with weight cycling. In contrast, bariatric surgery has produced greater and more sustained weight loss and greater reduction in cancer risk. The limited benefits of dietary interventions compared to bariatric surgery serve to emphasize the importance of significant and sustained weight loss and restoration of lean body mass to reduce cancer incidence among overweight and obese patients. Persistence of some degree of elevated risk after weight loss may be associated with lasting epigenetic consequences of obesity and may require specific targeted therapy to reverse. While those possibilities are in development, the overweight/obesity-increased risk is most effectively prevented by maintaining lean body mass throughout life and by emphasizing the necessity for adopting prudent lifestyle practices, including diet modulation, avoidance of pro-inflammatory foods, and regular physical activity.
A narrative review of anti-obesity medications for obese patients with osteoarthritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Win Min Oo, Ali Mobasheri, David J Hunter
Maintenance of weight loss is as critical as weight loss to reduce obesity-related comorbidity. As obesity is a remarkably heterogeneous disease [156] with highly varying responses among different individuals to obesity interventions, sustained weight loss therefore remains a huge challenge in real world clinical practice [74]. Recent longitudinal data from a large electronic medical records database (n = 177,743) showed that weight cycling, defined as fluctuations in weight of 5% or greater, is a common phenomenon up to over 70% among individuals with modest (≥5% to <10%), moderate (≥10% to <15%) weight loss, irrespective of the interventions [157]. In a recent meta-analysis, each kilogram of weight loss was associated with faster weight regain at a rate of 0.13–0.19 kg/year [158].
Weight suppression and its relation to eating disorder and weight outcomes: a narrative review
Published in Eating Disorders, 2019
Sasha Gorrell, Erin E. Reilly, Katherine Schaumberg, Lisa M. Anderson, Joseph M. Donahue
Whilst weight-suppressed individuals may be at risk for weight regain to a previous highest weight, research has also investigated whether WS drives weight gain beyond this set point. History of WS did not independently increase risk for longitudinal weight gain for men, and only marginally so for women (Wye, Dubin, Blair, & Pietro, 2007). Additional evidence indicates that weight cycling does not induce greater weight gain when compared to non-cycling individuals (Mason et al., 2013). Further, individuals with more previous weight loss attempts and larger previous weight losses actually perform better in self-help weight management (Latner & Ciao, 2014). Altogether, WS does not seem to independently produce weight regain above that which would have been gained without rebound from loss related to a current diet (Greenway, 2015; Lowe, 2015).
Patient initiation and maintenance of GLP-1 RAs for treatment of obesity: a narrative review and practical considerations for primary care providers
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Angela Fitch, Amy Beth Ingersoll
It is noteworthy that real-world evidence also demonstrates that IBT does not provide lasting or significant weight reduction in individuals with obesity [63,64], compared with randomized clinical trials such as Look AHEAD [25]. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of 177,743 individuals with a baseline BMI ≥30 kg/m2 found that weight regain and weight cycling (defined as not continuously losing, gaining, or maintaining weight throughout the 2-year observation period relative to its beginning) were common occurrences, following an initial 6-month intensive weight-reduction period [63].