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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Vegetable oils are lipid liquid extracted from different parts of plants such as seeds (rapeseed, sunflower seed), legumes (peanut, soybean), nuts (walnut, almond), or the flesh of some fruits (olives) (273–276). Vegetable oils are pressed from the plants and are then processed and refined to produce high-quality oils suitable for use as an ingredient in recipes, for frying, in salad dressings, and in the production of margarines and spreads (273). Culinary oils are liquid at room temperature. Major edible vegetable oils in terms of production include soybean, sunflower, palm oil, and rapeseed, which together account for approximately 79% of the total production in the world (273–275). Other oils such as olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, corn oil, canola oil, flaxseed oil, and coconut oil are also used for frying, salad dressing, and snack food processing. Some oils extracted from nuts like almond oil, walnut oil, cashew oil, and pine nut oil are very expensive and mainly used as flavoring agents or in traditional medicine. Oils obtained by distillation are called essences, which are mainly destined for medicinal or cosmetic uses.
Session 1: Expectations and reality
Published in Lynn Bertram, Supporting Postnatal Women into Motherhood, 2018
Other cultures treat this early postnatal time differently, giving the couple time to adapt to their latest addition. In Tibetan tradition, family and friends must wait three days after a boy is born and four days after the birth of a girl before they visit. In late pregnancy, Moroccan women have their hands painted with intricate patterns using henna paste and, as long as the henna remains visible, she is exempt from all household duties, ensuring at least three weeks rest. In addition, the mother receives a stimulating massage of henna, walnut oil and kohl during her postnatal confinement. Many western women would welcome such nurturing in these early weeks!13
Nut Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk and Mortality
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Christina Link, Alyssa Tindall, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Caitlin Lynch, Penny Kris-Etherton, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
The benefits reported in long-term nut interventions (treatment periods lasting 4 weeks to 3 months) have also been reported in postprandial studies. Researchers have demonstrated acute improvement in dilation after consumption of nuts, particularly walnuts (Berryman et al., 2015; Cortes et al., 2006). In a study by Cortes et al. (2006), healthy individuals (n = 12) and hypercholesterolemic individuals (n = 12) consumed two high-fat meals (80 g of fat; 35% saturated fat) to which either walnuts (40 g) or olive oil (25 mL) was added. Postprandial FMD was reduced after the olive oil meal in both healthy (−17%) and hypercholesterolemic subjects (−36%) compared to the control group. However, after the walnut-enriched meal, FMD was unchanged in the healthy subjects and increased by 24% in the hypercholesterolemic subjects (P < 0.006). In order to understand the contribution of individual components of walnuts, Berryman et al. (2013) studied the effects of acute consumption of walnut skin, defatted walnut meat and walnut oil compared with whole walnuts on reactive hyperemia (measured by pulse amplitude tonometry). Walnut oil (51 g) improved reactive hyperemia index (RHI) compared to walnut skins (5.6 g) (P = 0.01). The authors explained this finding as being due to a greater bioavailability of bioactives in walnut oil compared with the nutmeat and skins.
Walnut intake, cognitive outcomes and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Danielle Cahoon, Shruti P. Shertukde, Esther E. Avendano, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Tammy M. Scott, Elizabeth J. Johnson, Mei Chung, Nanguneri Nirmala
We included all interventional and observational studies in adults (≥18 years) who were healthy or at increased risk for cognitive decline. Walnut interventions of interest included whole walnuts, walnut oil, or walnut extract. The primary outcomes of interest were cognition-related outcomes (e.g. cognitive function, dementia, cerebrovascular diseases, brain imaging, mood, anxiety, depression). Secondary outcomes included risk factors for cognitive decline. With input from key informants, we identified major risk factors for cognitive-decline as alterations in blood lipids, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress [2–4,10]. Since systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the effects of walnuts on blood lipids, blood pressure, oxidative stress [20] as well as endothelial function [21] have been published recently, we included glucose homeostasis and inflammation outcomes in this review. In addition, for interventional studies, we set the minimum intervention duration for inclusion according to specific outcomes of interest: any duration for inflammation and mood outcomes, ≥ 1 week for glucose outcomes, and ≥ 3 weeks for all other outcomes. For publications reporting on the same trial and outcome of interest, but at different time points, only the publication with the longer intervention duration was retained.
Application of liquisolid technology for promoting the renoprotective efficacy of walnut extracts in chronic renal failure rat model
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Sahar Youssef Al-Okbi, Doha Abdou Mohamed, Thanaa El-Sayed Hamed, Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim, Ahmed Alaa Kassem, Dina Mahmoud Mostafa
Walnut (Juglans regia L., family Juglandaceae) is a popular food around the world. It is rich in bioactive constituents that could be utilized as nutraceuticals for the protection and use as complementary medicine in different chronic diseases. The nonpolar extract of walnut was reported to contain tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols [5–7]. It contains oleic acid (C18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (C18:2) as omega-6 fatty acid and linolenic acid (C18:3) as omega-3 fatty acid. It also contains campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterols. The polar extract is rich in phenolic compounds, the main of which is pedunculagin, an ellagitannin [5,7]. Walnut bioactive constituents were demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [5,7]. Potential health role of walnut on initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases were reported [5,6,8]. Walnut oil, when used in combination with other plant food extracts, has therapeutic role in adjuvant arthritis in rats [9]. In a previous work, a mixture of both the alcohol i.e. polar, and petroleum ether i.e. non polar extracts of walnut showed high safety and proved to have renoprotective effect in rat model of cisplatin induced renal dysfunction when applied at a dose level of 250 mg/kg rat body weight [7]. This dose level equals 2800 mg for 70 kg human when changing the dose from rat to human according to Paget & Barnes [10]. In spite of the health benefits of walnut extracts, the poor water solubility and incomplete absorption of its constituents leads to diminished biological effects.
Therapeutic effects of walnut oil on the animal model of multiple sclerosis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Ali Ganji, Iman Farahani, Mohammad Reza Palizvan, Ali Ghazavi, Mostafa Ejtehadifar, Mohsen Ebrahimimonfared, Mana Shojapour, Ghasem Mosayebi
In this study, the walnut oil-treated mice had lower clinical EAE scores, less plaque formation in the brain tissue, less IL-17 and INF-γ, and greater IL-10 secretion than the untreated mice. The mechanism of action of walnut oil in reducing EAE disease is still unknown. We suggest more investigations are needed to identify the active ingredients in walnut oil and their mechanism(s) of action.