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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Bacopa monnieri contains a unique group of complex triterpenoid saponins called bacosides, as well as the triterpenoids jujubogenins and pseudojujubogenins and their glycosides. The latter triterpenoids are also found in the herb Ziziphus jujube that is frequently used in Chinese medicine, as previously discussed. Bacopa monnieri also contains the steroid-like betulinic acid, stigmastanol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and the alkaloids brahmine, nicotinine, and herpestine.2
Bacognize
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
A new sterol glycoside, bacosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside along with bacopasaponin C, bacopaside I, bacopaside II, bacosterol, bacosine, luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside and four cucurbitacins, bacobitacin A (I)-D, a known cytotoxic, cucurbitacin E, together with three known phenylethanoid glycosides – monnieraside I, III and plantioside B – were also isolated from B. monnieri (Bhandari et al. 2006, 2007). Zhou et al. (2007) isolated three new triterpene glycosides, bacopasides VI–VIII, together with three known analogues from the whole plant: bacopaside I, bacopaside II, and bacopasaponin C. Suresh et al. (2010) also extracted using ethyl acetate a chalcone-type compound 2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-(3,3-di-Me propenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propiophenone from B. monnieri. Other major compounds reported from this plant include phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, amino acids such as alpha-alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and betulinic acid, stigmasterol, b-sitosterol and stigmastanol (Chatterji et al. 1963; Jain and Kulshreshtha 1993; Russo and Borrelli 2005) (Table 5.1).
Pharmacology of p-sitosterol and other Sterols
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Similar to sterol esters and stanol esters, stigmastanol inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the diet. Animal studies suggest that it also inhibits biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver (Heinemann et al. 1988; Batta et al. 2006). Consumption of the sitostanol-containing mixture (1% dietary levels) caused a compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis as indicated by elevated (P < 0.05) lathosterol/cholesterol ratios in plasma and hepatic cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) (P < 0.02). Both sitostanol and sitostanol-free mixtures at 0.5% or 1% dietary intake levels increased plasma campesterol and beta-sitosterol levels, while plasma sitostanol levels were negligible (Ling and Jones 1995).
The old world salsola as a source of valuable secondary metabolites endowed with diverse pharmacological activities: a review
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Mai H. ElNaggar, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Fatma M. Abdel Bar
Steroids are a group of natural products biosynthesized from the isoprenoid pathway via the 2,3-oxidosqualene (C30) route. Cardenolides are cardioactive steroidal lactones with a 5-membered (furanones) or 6-membered (pyranone) ring at C-17. They are naturally present free or glycosylated with mono- or multi-sugar moieties. Several families are known for their high cardenolides content, such as Asclepidaceae, Apocynaceae, and others72. However, only one report on cardenolides from the Amaranthaceae family has been described. It addressed the isolation of five cardenolides, salsotetragonin 2.1, calactin 2.2, 12-dehydroxyghalakinoside 2.3, desglucouzarin 2.4, and uzarigenin 2.5 from the Algerian plant, Salsola tetragona Delile, Figure 350. Other reported steroids comprised several phytosterols with diversity in the alkyl side chains at C-17, including campesterol 2.6, cholesterol 2.7, and desmosterol 2.8 from S. collina73, β-sitosterol 2.9, stigmastanol 2.10, and stigmasterol 2.11, in addition to a combined phytosterol, stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 2.12 from the aerial parts of S. inermis51.
The Evolving Roles of Bacopa monnieri as Potential Anti-Cancer Agent: A Review
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Sudeepa Ghosh, Rahmat Khanam, Avik Acharya Chowdhury
B. monnieri has been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of mental ailments. The effectiveness of this plant covers a vast field of functionality which includes memory enhancement, learning improvement, to increase concentration, cure anxiety and depression, and even to improve skin disorders, in digestive aids; as well as to treat certain specific disorders viz. epilepsy, insanity, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, and asthma (2–5, 9). B. monnieri plant is an excellent reservoir of many bioactive secondary metabolites which falls under mainly the groups like saponins, alkaloid, glycosides, more precisely this plant contains triterpenoid saponins, saponins A, B and C, pseudojujubogenin glycoside, Bacosides A and B, alkaloid brahmine, nicotinine, herpestine, Bacopasides I and II, stigmastanol, β-sitosterol, aglycones, betulinic acid, proteins like α-alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine along with sugars like D-mannitol, stigmasterol (10–12).
Phytosterol Supplementation Could Improve Atherogenic and Anti-Atherogenic Apolipoproteins: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Ehsan Ghaedi, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Hamed Mohammadi, Moein Askarpour, Maryam Miraghajani
In order to find related articles, an electronic literature search of current systemic review was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Ovid (Cochrane Library), ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until September 2018, with no limitation of publication time and language. We searched the aforementioned databases using the medical subject headings (MeSH), and non-MeSH terms were used by these following keywords: "phytosterol" OR "phytostanol" OR "plant sterol" OR "plant stanol" OR "sitosterol" OR "sitostanol" OR "campesterol" OR "campestanol" OR "stigmasterol" OR "stigmastanol" OR “brassicasterol” combined with "Intervention Studies" OR "intervention" OR "controlled trial" OR "randomized" OR "randomly" OR "placebo" OR "assignment" OR “randomized controlled trial” OR “randomized clinical trial” OR “RCT” OR “blinded” OR “double blind” OR “double blinded” OR "trial" OR “controlled clinical trial” OR “pragmatic clinical trial” OR “crossover procedure” OR “cross-over trial” OR “double-blind method” OR “equivalence trial” OR “double blind procedure.” An additional manual search was followed by reference lists of selected studies to detect other relevant papers. Two authors (AH and HM) separately searched the electronic databases and disagreements were resolved by group discussion.