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Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Deena Altschwager, McGreggor Crowley
The most accurate method of assessing energy needs, indirect calorimetry (IC), is especially helpful in evaluating critically ill or obese patients. Because IC is not always available, predictive equations are often used to estimate needs (Chapter 3). The Academy recommends the use of the estimated energy requirement (EER) equation for normal-weight patients, though other methods for estimating, including the Schofield equation and the FAO/WHO/UNU equation, are also employed. For the Schofield and FAO/WHO/UNU equations, consider a patient stress factor of 1.4–1.6 for patients actively receiving oncology treatment; 1.3–1.5 for patients undergoing BMT; and 1.5–2 for patients with chronic malnutrition who are not meeting their growth or weight-gain goals.
The effects of diet-induced weight loss on asthma control and quality of life in obese adults with asthma: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2020
Ümüş Özbey, Serap Balaban, Zeynep Çelebi Sözener, Aslı Uçar, Dilşad Mungan, Zeynep Mısırlıgil
A nutrition and 10-week weight loss diet program consisting of three main meals and three snacks daily was prepared by dieticians, taking into account the age, gender, physical activity and general eating habits of each participant in the intervention group. All physical activities (sleep, rest, sitting, working, etc.) undertaken by the participants over the last 24 h were recorded and energy expenditure was calculated by multiplying each activity with the individual activity index (Physical Activity Ratio – PAR). The average physical activity level (PAL) was calculated by dividing total energy expenditure by the basal metabolic rate (BMR). The BMR was calculated based on the Schofield equation. And finally the total energy requirement (PAL*basal metabolic rate) was calculated [17]. A diet was planned to consist of 10%–20% proteins, 45%–60% carbohydrates and 25%–30% fats [18]. The participants were informed of possible exchange food options and the amount of water they needed to consume, and it was aimed to reach an optimum nutrition level. The eating habits of the participants in control group were not intervened in any way, but all measurements were repeated at the end of the study.
Dietary Intake, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle-Related Factors in People with Schizophrenia
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
Raquel Costa, Scott Teasdale, Sandra Abreu, Tânia Bastos, Michel Probst, Simon Rosenbaum, Philip B. Ward, Rui Corredeira
Estimated energy requirement (EER) was calculated for each subject using the Schofield equation (Schofield, 1985) to determine basal metabolic rate (BMR) based on age, sex and weight, utilising adjusted body weight where appropriate (Krenitsky, 2005). Each individuals BMR was then multiplied by a physical activity level to determine the EER (Black, 2000). To assess for implausible data, the Goldberg et al. (1991) cut-off was utilised, with an estimated energy intake (EEI)/BMR ratio of <0.9 considered to be underreporting (Goldberg et al., 1991).