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The Follow-Up Metabolic Medicine Hospital Consultation
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
The indirect calorimetry data should be analyzed to determine its accuracy (see Chapter 9 on The Metabolic Cart). Take a look at the graphs and make sure you are satisfied that the test was done properly. Compare the measured REE with the basal metabolic rate predicted by the Harris–Benedict equation. Look at the RQ for insights into the fuel utilization. If available, review the substrate oxidation results.
Total Calories and Protein Intake
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
The estimation of dietary intake and energy expenditure can give an idea of whether an individual is consuming adequate calories to prevent weight loss, and, thus, malnutrition, at the time of estimation. The research methodology for determination of resting energy expenditure involves measurement of oxygen consumption in the morning after awakening, and 12 h after the last meal. This procedure is cumbersome and not practical for routine estimations of energy expenditure. Rather, several other indirect methods involving simple calculations from easily measured anthropometric values can be routinely used in clinical settings. It must be remembered that determination of BMR by calculations is only an estimate that can detect consistent caloric inadequacy (or excess) when compared to dietary intakes. Table 1 lists the simpler methods for estimation of energy expenditure.169,170 The Harris Benedict equation is perhaps the most widely used calculation for estimation of energy expenditure or BMR. The Harris-Benedict equation is accurate ±14% and is reported in units of kcal/d. This method underestimates energy expenditure in malnourished patients by about 20% and overestimates BMR in obese patients by the same amount. A newer and more appropriate calculation to determine BMR is the WHO/FAO equation,170 also listed in Table 1. The WHO/FAO equation calculates units in MJ/d and can be converted to kcal/d by multiplication by 239.2. This method is regarded as being more accurate at the extremes of body composition.
Burns
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
Estimating the nutritional needs of burn patients is essential to the healing process.7 The Harris-Benedict equation is designed to calculate the calorie needs of adults, and the Galveston formula is used for children. The Curreri formula addresses the needs of both. There is no single formula that can accurately determine how many calories a patient needs, so it is important to monitor a patient's nutritional condition closely.
Significant differences in dietary intake of NCAA Division III soccer players compared to recommended levels
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Kaneen Gomez-Hixson, Ericka Biagioni, Melissa L Brown
Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by indirect calorimetry whenever possible using the MedGem® Indirect Calorimeter (Microlife Medical Home Solutions, Golden, CO, USA) according to manufacturer instructions. Subjects arrived at the nutrition assessment laboratory first thing in the morning for the measurement and were required to have been in the fasted state including no caffeine and having refrained from any physical activity that morning. Subjects were asked to sit quietly prior to the start of the measurement and then to remain awake in that position until completion of the test after steady state had been reached and the REE result displayed. Indirect calorimetry was not always possible for practical reasons such as some athletes were unable to make the morning fasting appointments; therefore, predictive equations were used as an alternative. The Harris-Benedict equation21 was selected due to practicality and lack of the need for a body fat percentage measurement. In order to determine what effect, if any, this alternative would have on the results of the study, predictive equations were calculated for a sub-set of athletes and compared to their indirect calorimetry result.
Effect of Steamed Onion (ONIRO) Consumption on Body Fat and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight Subjects: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Sarang Jeong, Jisuk Chae, Gahyun Lee, Gurum Shin, Young-In Kwon, Jung-Bae Oh, Dong Yeob Shin, Jong Ho Lee
The study subjects were interviewed to obtain some information each visit about their nutrient intake and physical activity. The study subjects were maintained on their usual diet and physical activity during the 12-week intervention period. Dietary intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour recall method. Nutrient intake was determined and calculated based on the 3-day (weekdays 2 and weekends 1) dietary record obtained from each participant at 6 and 12 weeks using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program (CAN-pro 3.0, Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, Korea). Total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal/d) was calculated based on the activity patterns of the study subjects, such as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), 24-hour physical activity, and the specific dynamic actions of food. The BMR for each subject was calculated with the Harris–Benedict equation.
Does breaking up prolonged sitting when sleep restricted affect postprandial glucose responses and subsequent sleep architecture? – a pilot study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Grace E. Vincent, Sarah M. Jay, Charli Sargent, Katya Kovac, Michele Lastella, Corneel Vandelanotte, Nicola D. Ridgers, Sally A. Ferguson
A modified Harris Benedict equation was used to determine total daily energy expenditure with an activity factor of 1.5 (Wennberg et al. 2016). As sleep restriction increases the total daily energy expenditure at a rate of ~1% per hour, participants’ energy intake was increased by 4% on experimental days 1 to 3 to account for the additional 4 h of wakefulness (i.e. time in bed reduced from 9 h to 5 h). On all days, standardized meals were served at 0815 hours, 1230 hours and 1800 hours, respectively. The consumption of caffeinated food or beverages was prohibited during the study. The macronutrient profile of daily food consumed was similar to a standard Western diet (26% protein, 20% fat and 54% carbohydrate) and participants consumed 100% of all meals. There were no differences in participants’ weight between conditions.