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Mode of Action of Selected Botanicals That Lower Blood Glucose
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The American Diabetes Association established a link between high intake of soluble dietary fiber and improved hyperglycemia and insulin secretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes (Chandalia, Garg, Lutjohann et al. 2000). Inulins (Raftilose) are soluble dietary fibers made of short-chain fructans present in the roots of chicory, Agave tequilana, Dasylirion spp., and others.
Experimental and investigational drugs for the treatment of acute otitis media
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
As the respiratory microbiota of children with recurrent AOM (rAOM) differs from that of healthy subjects [32], it was proposed that the administration of probiotics could restore normal upper respiratory tract microbial composition, thus reducing the risk of AOM development. However, although a recent study seems to indicate that the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius PS7, a probiotic with specific activity against otopathogens, could be effective in reducing the risk of new AOM episodes in otitis-prone children [33**], the real importance of oral pre- and probiotics for AOM prophylaxis remains debatable. The results of studies are conflicting, frequently showing no effect on AOM development [34]. A clear example in this regard was reported by Cohen et al. [35], who conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a group of 224 otitis-prone children aged 7 to 13 months. These patients were randomly assigned to receive follow-up formula supplemented with probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus NCC 2496, Streptococcus salivarius DSM 13,084, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LPR CGMCC 1.3724 and prebiotics (Raftilose/Raftiline) or follow-up formula alone. During the following 12 months, a similar number of AOM cases was diagnosed in both groups (249 and 237 in treated and untreated subjects, respectively; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–1.2. Moreover, the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (IRR 0.9, 0.7–1.2) and prescription of antibiotic courses (IRR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8–1.2) were similar, highlighting the ineffectiveness of the supplementation.
Modelling the role of microbial p-cresol in colorectal genotoxicity
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Eiman Abdulla Al Hinai, Piyarach Kullamethee, Ian R. Rowland, Jonathan Swann, Gemma E. Walton, Daniel M. Commane
Tyrosine, fructoligosaccharide (Raftilose P95), albumin, soybean protein peptone meat extracts were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Dorset UK). Bacteriological growth medium supplements were obtained from Oxoid Ltd. (Basingstoke, Hants, U.K.). Probes for fluorescence in situ hybridisation were commercially synthesised and labelled at the 5′ end with the fluorescent dye Cy3 (Sigma Aldrich Ltd, Poole, Dorset, UK). The probes used are listed in Table 1: The HT29 and Caco-2 human colorectal cell lines were obtained from the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures (ECACC) (Salisbury, UK)