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Fatigue
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Prebiotics are specialized plant fibers that are not digestible but can exert beneficial effects by stimulating growth or activity of microorganisms that are present in the intestine. Not all fibers are prebiotic, but all prebiotics can be classed as fiber. Some prebiotics are found naturally in foods such as leeks, asparagus, chicory, Jerusalem artichokes, garlic, onions, wheat, oats, and soybeans. Other foodstuffs have been fortified with prebiotic ingredients such as inulin and oligofructose. The value of prebiotic substances is that they are available as substrates for probiotics.
The Gut and Heart Connection
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
High-quality prebiotics and probiotics should be consumed on a daily basis. Prebiotics are a source of food for your gut's healthy bacteria. They are carbohydrates your body can't digest. So they go to your lower digestive tract, where they act like food to help the healthy bacteria grow. Probiotics are live yeasts and good bacteria that live in your body and are good for your digestive system. They are found in foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. You should take a high-quality probiotic with a variety of bacterial strains and at least 100 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per day. Prebiotics are in foods such as whole grains, bananas, greens, onions, garlic, soybeans, and artichokes. In addition, probiotics and prebiotics are added to some foods and available as dietary supplements (see Box 11.4).
Advances in Nanonutraceuticals: Indian Scenario
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Amthul Azeez, Mubeen Sultana, Lucky, Noorjahan
Prebiotics have been reported to enhance the immune system, inhibition of colitis, reduction of cardiovascular diseases, antioxidant activity and maintenance of gut health, and generation of bacteriocins. Supplementing inulin with L. plantarumSTl6 had increased the growth rate. Some studies on patients with irritable bowel syndrome revealed that when they were given M. longumBB536 and L. rliamnosusHN00l along with vitamin B6 which resulted in the refurbishment of gut microbiota, restored via intestinal permeability as well as amelioration of disease symptoms. Fermented beverages with symbiotic properties of nanoparticles incorporation with specific bioactivity have opened a new horizon in the food sector with improved absorption, nutrient delivery, and high organoleptic characteristics. Extensive studies are carried on with the formulation of protein-based, inulin-incorporated nanoemulsion for enhanced stability of probiotics. The symbiotic AMFTM 15+ manuka honey yogurt showed antibacterial properties and also increased probiotic bacteria and produced lactic and propionic acids (Mohan et al. 2020). Seaweed-based synbiotic of Gracilaria coronopifolia caused the reduction of inflammation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminution of the oxidative stress-induced cell damage (Li et al. 2019).
Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet vs. standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Nazila Garousi, Babak Tamizifar, Makan Pourmasoumi, Awat Feizi, Gholamreza Askari, Cain C. T. Clark, Mohammad Hasan Entezari
Recently, the role of the gut microbiome in many diseases has been investigated (Saad et al.2013). It has been suggested that the gut microbiome population is fundamentally different in individuals with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD (Parnell et al.2012). The pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the onset and progress of NAFLD is well-documented (Eslamparast et al. 2013). Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides, which are produced by gram-negative bacteria, can induce liver injury. It can result in metabolic deregulation, gut permeability, elevated hepatic oxidative stress, and fibrosis (Jirillo et al. 2002, Abu-Shanab and Quigley 2010). The effect of LOV-D on NAFLD might therefore also be related to its fibre content, and how it acts as a prebiotic. Prebiotics can modify gut microbiota, inhibit pathogen growth, stimulate the bacterial products of short-chain fatty acids, and improve lipid and glucose metabolism (Parnell et al. 2012). Also, the prebiotics can improve liver function and alleviate levels of ALT and AST (Daubioul et al. 2005).
A comprehensive systematic review of the effectiveness of Akkermansia muciniphila, a member of the gut microbiome, for the management of obesity and associated metabolic disorders
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Neda Roshanravan, Sepideh Bastani, Helda Tutunchi, Behnam Kafil, Omid Nikpayam, Naimeh Mesri Alamdari, Amir Hadi, Simin Sotoudeh, Samad Ghaffari, Alireza Ostadrahimi
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is an alkaloid produced mainly from the genus Capsicum. It is a bioactive molecule of food and also of medicinal importance. The anti-obesity activity of capsaicin was evaluated by Baboota et al. (2014) in HFD-fed mice. The researchers suggested that an oral administration of capsaicin may increase thermogenesis, decrease body weight, and increase the intestinal Akkermansia abundance in mice. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in prebiotics to manage obesity as non-digestive food ingredients. The beneficial effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), as well-known prebiotics, have been evaluated in animals and human studies (Everard et al.2011, 2013, 2014). Everard et al. (2013) showed that oligo-fructose administration to genetically obese mice increased their A. muciniphila abundance. Similarly, Burokas et al. (2017) reported a significant increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia following FOS/GOS treatment in mice.
Calorie restriction in combination with prebiotic supplementation in obese women with depression: effects on metabolic and clinical response
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany, Fatemeh Ranjbar, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Sonia Hosseinpour-Arjmand, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
No significant differences were observed between the prebiotic and placebo group post-intervention, in terms of depression scores, in our study (Figure 2). Observational studies have reported microbial dysbiosis in depression [36]. Prebiotics/probiotics through modulating gut microbiota enhance the immune system function and decrease inflammation [37]. This leads to improved brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, decreased glucocorticoid resistance, and lower kynurenine production from tryptophan; these together might contribute to alleviation of depression [38,39]. Unlike some promising results from probiotics interventions [40], little evidence supports anti-depressant effects of prebiotics. Merely one study reported remarkable improvement in depressive symptoms after 8 weeks of resistant dextrin (10 g/day) supplementation in diabetic patients [16]. The only clinical trial on non-obese patients with MDD, which assessed the effects of galactooligosaccharide (10 g/day) administration, found no significant effects of the intervention after 8 weeks [41]. Higher dosage or duration of prebiotics supplementation might be required for improving the assumed dysbiosis in depression. Moreover, the type of the prebiotics used in various clinical trials might affect the study outcomes, as the prebiotic capacity of these substances differs [42]. Also, an assumed improvement in the gut microbiota composition by improved dietary habits might have masked the effects of the prebiotic supplement, in our patients.