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Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) and Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Dipta Dey, Partha Biswas, Priyanka Paul, Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed, Arysha Alif Khan, Tanzila Ismail Ema, Muhammad Torequl Islam
Kothari and Singh (2004) were the first to report the inulin-type 2->1 linked fructans by comparative reverse-phase high-pressure anion exchange (RP-HPAE) chromatography. Later Narasimhan et al. (2006) successfully isolated for the first time, the same fructooligosaccharides from C. borivilianum and identified them as O-β-Dfructofuranosyl-(2->1)-(β-D-fructofuranosyl)n-(2->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (n = 5–30) using HPAE chromatography.
Gut Microbiota—Specific Food Design
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Aparna V. Sudhakaran, Himanshi Solanki
In a research conducted by Azcarate-Peril et al. [4], Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus increased substantially, when fed with GOS which improves lactose tolerance. It is important to note that prebiotics may not only exert their effects by modifying the abundance or activity of microbes. A novel mechanism based on specific and direct prebiotic interactions using inulin and short-chain fructooligosaccharides demonstrated improved ability to maintain epithelial barrier function and to protect from injury caused by the noninvasive pathogen enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157: H7 (EHEC) despite the absence of other microbes [76]. GOS may also inhibit the adherence of E. coli to enterocytes [62]. These results suggest that prebiotics may improve gut barrier function, and maybe relevant for specific consumer groups during certain phases of life. A high fiber plant-based diet (onions, garlic, leeks, oatmeal, banana, chicory root, cruciferous vegetables, beans) and whole-grain diet [14] are prebiotic-rich diets, which can control the possibility of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Survivorship
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
These occur naturally in gums and pectins, which are found in citrus fruit, pears, apples, peas, guar gum, chicory root, garlic, onions, asparagus, and Jerusalem artichoke as well as grains such as oats, barley, and psyllium. They also include fermentable soluble fibers such as inulin and resistant starch; oligosaccharides, including fructooligosaccharide (FOS); and the polysaccharide beta-glucans most commonly found in mushrooms. They provide a substrate for the microbiota within the large gut. In addition, they increase fecal bulk, and their fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids. This fermentation impacts the expression of a number of genes within the large intestine that enhance digestive function and cholesterol and glucose metabolism, as well as the immune and systemic metabolic functions in the body. They are also rich in natural antibiotics, including penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, which promote a healthy gut flora and reassuringly, have not been shown to pose any risk of antibiotic resistance.
Polysaccharide Fraction from Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation in Mice
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Isabella Wzorek França dos Santos, Karien Sauruk da Silva, Laryssa Regis Bueno, Vanessa Suzane Schneider, Carolina Silva Schiebel, Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira, Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva, Elizabeth Soares Fernandes, Marcelo Biondaro Gois, Lucimara Mach Cortes Cordeiro, Daniele Maria-Ferreira
In fact, on the second day after the application of 5-FU, we observed a significant weight loss. The weight loss persisted until the end of the protocol, and an increased DAI was observed on the last day. The highest dose of CPW prevented weight loss and the development of DAI. The results are consistent with other studies (50–52). Previous works have already tested and shown the potential of natural polysaccharides to reduce the toxic effects induced by chemotherapy in animal models, including weight loss and disease activity scoring (18,53). On the other hand, Yazbeck and collaborators has shown that none of the prebiotics tested (fructo-, galacto-, and mannan-oligosaccharide) prevents the 5-FU-induced weight loss (54). Therapeutic supplementation with the commercial fructo-oligosaccharide (NutraFlora®, in different doses and treatment regimens) was also unable to prevent the 5-FU-induced body weight changes (55,56). With the latter treatment, although the authors did not observe protection in terms of weight change, they observed a reduction in intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the maintenance of the expression of the epithelial junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 (56).
Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2023
Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit, Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai, Peter R. Steinhagen, Papasara Chantawichitwong, Wilasinee Satianrapapong, Pawin Pongkorpsakol
Many well-known types of dietary oligosaccharide, including chitosan oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, and galactomannan pentasaccharide, have attracted attention in the nutrition therapy industry. Chitosan, a positively charged linear heteropolysaccharide derived from chitin, which is the second most common natural polysaccharide in the world, is extracted from the shells of shrimp, lobster, and crab.257,258 Chitosan is utilized as an enhancer of oral-based drug delivery.259 However, chitosan was also revealed to upregulate the expression of TJ proteins (e.g., CLDN1, occludin, ZO-1) and strengthen GI barrier function in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.260 Indeed, chitooligosaccharide (COS), a degraded product of chitosan, also augmented GI barrier integrity in a mouse closed-loop model and mucus-secreting human colonic HT-29 cells.206,261 In addition, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) relieved 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced GI mucosal damage and gut inflammation in BALB/c mice.262 FOS also stimulated TJ assembly in an AMPK-dependent manner in T84 and intestinal epithelial cells.263 Furthermore, pentasaccharide of mannan (MOS5) was recently reported to possess the capacity to enhance tight junction assembly in intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, via a mechanism involving AMPK activation.264
Therapeutic methods of gut microbiota modification in colorectal cancer management – fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Agnieszka Daca, Mateusz Fic, Thierry van de Wetering, Marcin Folwarski, Wojciech Makarewicz
Prebiotics are selectively fermentable, non-digestible oligosaccharides or ingredients which cause alterations in the composition and activity of gut microbiota conferring health benefits.38 Prebiotics are carbohydrates including fructooligosaccharides (FOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), inulin, and fructans. Fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides have been the compounds mainly investigated as prebiotics. These compounds possess many properties, such as the stimulation of beneficial indigenous gut bacteria, production of short-chain fatty acids, modulation of the immune response, modification of gene expression in bacterial cells in cecum, colon, and feces, enhancement of absorption of micronutrients in colon, and the modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.38 Prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis was claimed to exert an antitumorigenic activity in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. There is also a report that the administration of inulin could reduce the cecal pH.60