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Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) and Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Dipta Dey, Partha Biswas, Priyanka Paul, Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed, Arysha Alif Khan, Tanzila Ismail Ema, Muhammad Torequl Islam
C. borivilianum tuber has potent efficacy to modulate blood cholesterol levels. Aqueous and alcoholic root extract (100 and 300mg/kg for both) lowered serum cholesterol and triglycerides and increased serum HDL levels as well as lipid profiles in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the hypocholesterolemic and increased HDL-cholesterol levels have a protective role in cardiovascular disease possibly due tothe presence of phytosterols and saponins in C. borivilianum (Deore and Khadabadi, 2009c). Furthermore, C. borivilianum elevated hepatic 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme reductase enzyme activity, which is responsible for increasing both cholesterol consumption and bile acid production in the liver. Those are related to lowering the lipid and cholesterol in the blood. Saponin from medicinal plants has cholesterol and bile acid-lowering potentials (Oakenfull and Sidhu, 1990; Harwood et al., 1993;Visavadiya and Narasimhacharya, 2007). In addition, the levels of superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid were elevated by C. borivilianum. However, the existence of fructans might potentially be a key contributing element in improved hypercholesteremia treatment. The bioactive components of C. borivilianum, such as phytosterols, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid, may be responsible for this positive impact (Visavadiya and Narasimhacharya, 2007). Additionally, Giribabu et al. claimed that C. borivilianumlowered TC, TG, VLDL, and LDL at 250 and 500mg/kg/day in the rat model (Giribabu et al., (2014).
Lifestyle Influences on the Microbiome
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Humans have a limited ability to absorb fructose and what limited ability they do possess varies widely from person to person. When consumption of fructose or its fructan polymers exceeds absorptive capacity, the remaining sugars are fermented by colonic bacteria, producing uncomfortable symptoms like distension, flatulence, pain and altered bowel habits.88 Many of these people will also experience neuropsychiatric symptoms like fatigue, depression, and anxiety.89 Most people with these symptoms will ultimately be diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Bifidobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Therapy
Published in Ananda M. Chakrabarty, Arsénio M. Fialho, Microbial Infections and Cancer Therapy, 2019
Chao Han, Yu-Qing Dai, Zi-Chun Hua, Geng-Feng Fu, Yan Yin, Bi Hu, Gen-Xing Xu
Prebiotics are those known as “a non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of one or limited number of bacteria in the colon” [56]. Many studies showed that Bifidobacterium together with prebiotics could more effectively protect against cancer development in rats than by the administration of the two separately. Anjana Challa demonstrated that Bifidobacterium combined with lactulose highly suppressed azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats [57]. Rowland et al. also found a synergistic antitumorigenic effect when B. longum was combined with inulin [58]. Besides, other combinations such as inulin-type fructans, resistant starch, lycopene, and oligofructose have inhibition effects in a synergistic manner [59–62].
Restoring an adequate dietary fiber intake by inulin supplementation: a pilot study showing an impact on gut microbiota and sociability in alcohol use disorder patients
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Camille Amadieu, Valentin Coste, Audrey M. Neyrinck, Victoria Thijssen, Quentin Leyrolle, Laure B. Bindels, Hubert Piessevaux, Peter Stärkel, Philippe de Timary, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Sophie Leclercq
Diet is one of the main modulators of the gut microbiota composition and function.17 AUD patients have reduced carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes, and their dietary fiber (DF) intake is also well below the recommended value.18–20 Among DF, inulin-type fructans are interesting as they go along with the definition of prebiotics: “substrates that are selectively used by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit” meaning that they promote the growth of some specific bacteria.21 Inulin-type fructans are natural components present in several fruits and vegetables including wheat, onion, banana, garlic, jerusalem artichoke, chirory and leek.22 Inulin is fermented in the colon and has been shown to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.23,24 The effects of inulin on gut health and metabolism have been widely studied in the context of obesity and metabolic disorders. For instance, fructan supplementation improves gut barrier function, decreases serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines in preclinical and clinical studies.23,25,26 We have also shown that DF deficiency in AUD patients is associated with gastrointestinal discomfort and psychological alterations.18 Therefore, inulin supplementation could be an interesting approach to increase dietary fiber intake and to modulate the gut microbiota in order to improve psychological symptoms of AUD patients.
Inulin-type fructans improve active ulcerative colitis associated with microbiota changes and increased short-chain fatty acids levels
Published in Gut Microbes, 2019
Rosica Valcheva, Petya Koleva, Inés Martínez, Jens Walter, Michael G. Gänzle, Levinus A. Dieleman
IBD is associated with an altered intestinal microbiota31–33 and dietary intervention to redress these patterns may be a successful approach for the treatment of mild to moderately active IBD. Fructans reduced colitis in rat colitis model,14,34 but studies related to their clinical efficacy are limited. Previous clinical studies using β-fructans in active UC applied short treatment duration for 14 days, which may be insufficient to assess clinical as well as endoscopic efficacy, and did not assess potential protective mechanisms.17,18 This pilot study shows that consumption of β-fructans for 9 weeks by patients with active UC induced dose-dependent clinical benefits, and provides evidence on the distinct responses of luminal (as fecal) and mucosa-associated bacterial communities. Fecal microbiota responded primarily to β-fructan supplementation while the mucosal microbiota responded to inflammation. Our findings argue that only the higher dose of 15 g/d dose resulted in clinical benefits that were associated with improved butyrate production unrelated to specific bacterial taxa.
Enzymatically synthesized exopolysaccharide of a probiotic strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides NTM048 shows adjuvant activity to promote IgA antibody responses
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Chiaki Matsuzaki, Yukari Nakashima, Ikuto Endo, Yusuke Tomabechi, Yasuki Higashimura, Saki Itonori, Koji Hosomi, Jun Kunisawa, Kenji Yamamoto, Keiko Hisa
Fructan, a component of NTM048 EPS, was synthesized by recombinant enzyme LvnS expressed in E. coli as described in our earlier study.27 The reaction was conducted in 50 mM sucrose, 1 mM CaCl2, and 100 mM sodium acetate (pH 5.0) using the recombinant LvnS at 28°C for 24 h. The fructan produced was purified using Sepharose CL6B (Sigma–Aldrich Corp.), and freeze-dried. The absence of proteins in the fructan sample was confirmed by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm.