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Honey and Its Immunostimulatory Activities
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Currently, around 300 forms of honey have been identified (Lay-Flurrie, 2008). These types are associated with the various kinds of nectar that are gathered by the honey bees. Though these different varieties of honey are from different manufacturer bees, the nutrients found in 100 grams of the generally used honey include around 65 to 73.1% carbohydrates which comprise sucrose (0.23 to 1.21%), maltose (1.8 to 2.7%), glucose (25.4 to 28.1%) and fructose (35.6 to 41.8%) while 17 to 18% is water, and other nutrients including minerals, vitamins, proteins and amino acids are 0.50 to 1% (Cianciosi et al., 2018). Honey demonstrates changed compositions related to climate, species of bee, geographical and botanical origin (Al-Hatamleh, Boer, et al., 2020). The tremendous therapeutic properties of honey are related to the antioxidant phenolic constituents that differ in all types of honey, naturally based on the floral honey derivation; phenolic constituents are secondary metabolites established in honey with various chemical configurations, including polyphenols (flavonoids) and phenolic acids. In spite of the changeability in the compositions of honey, the most abundant flavonoids are genistein, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, galangin, pinocembrin, quercetin, chrysin and pinobanksin. However, the most plentiful phenolic acids are caffeic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid and chlorogenic acid (Cianciosi et al., 2018) (Figure 13.2).
Identification of Botanical and Geographical Origins of Honey-Based on Polyphenols
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Zsanett Bodor, Csilla Benedek, Zoltan Kovacs, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
Some molecules can be dominant in some types of honeys, thus qualifying them as potential marker molecules. Different phenolic acids and flavonoids are present in several types of honeys. Chrysin, luteolin, pinocembrin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and pinobanksin were detected in more than 10 monofloral types. Also, syringic acid, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were detected in more than 10 honeys from various botanical origins. Therefore, these are not real qualitative marker molecules, and their quantitative determination might be a unique tool to differentiate honeys from different botanical and geographical origins.
Exploring the frostbite healing potential of hyaluronic acid based hydrogel of Manuka honey through in-silico antithrombotic and anti-platelet studies of major phytoconstituents and in-vivo evaluation in Wistar rat model
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Kumud Joshi, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay, Danswrang Goyary, Madhubanti Das, Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi
Amongst the selected compounds show that Leptosin showed the highest affinity toward the two target proteins having a binding affinity score of −7.6 kcal/mol and −8.9 kcal/mol for the Tissue Plasminogen Activator protein and the COX-1 protein respectively. Chrysin showed a binding affinity score of −7.7 kcal/mol and −8.4 kcal/mol for the Tissue Plasminogen Activator protein and the COX-1 protein respectively. Pinobanksin and Pinocembrin also show good binding affinities for the Tissue Plasminogen Activator protein and the COX-1 protein. The binding affinities of the drug aspirin for tissue plasminogen activator protein and COX-1 protein are: −5.2 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol respectively. The comparative binding affinity scores of drug aspirin and the phytochemical compounds of MH show that all the compounds possess a good binding affinity toward the two targeted proteins than aspirin suggesting a good antiplatelet action. The best-docked poses showing the type of bonds and interacting atoms of the different compounds of MH are shown in Figures 1(a–d) and 2(a–d).
Propolis Potentiates Methotrexate Anticancer Mechanism and Reduces its Toxic Effects
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Maha M. Salem, Thoria Donia, Rasha Abu-Khudir, Haitham Ramadan, Ehab M. M. Ali, Tarek M. Mohamed
The results of LC-MS/MS obtained in the current study exhibit large quantities of polyphenolic compounds in ethanolic extract compared with methanolic extract as PEE reported 77 different compounds while PME reported 37 compounds only. Both extracts are common in phenolic acids and their esters as chlorongeric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid phenyl ester, caffeic acid cinnamyl ester, 4 cinnamoyloxy cinnamic acid, p-coumeric cinnamyl ester, p-coumeric acid 4-hydroxy phenyl ethyl ester dimer, caffeic acid derivative isomer. The main flavonoids as pinobanksin, kaempferol, qurecitin and their esters, apigenin, galangin, narginin, chrysin, pinocembrin, hesperidin and others. Furthermore, our results showed that propolis ethanolic extract showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than methanolic extract propolis.
Honey flavonoids inhibit hOATP2B1 and hOATP1A2 transporters and hOATP-mediated rosuvastatin cell uptake in vitro
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Lucie Navrátilová, Jana Ramos Mandíková, Petr Pávek, Přemysl Mladěnka, František Trejtnar
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess interactions of selected honey flavonoids with the human transporters OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 and evaluate the influence of these flavonoids on the transport the known drug substrate of intestinal hOATPs – rosuvastatin. Several flavonoids (galangin, myricetin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, chrysin and fisetin) presented in honey or other food sources (Table 1) were involved in the study. The investigation included quercetin as a comparative flavonoid known to be inhibitor and substrate of the tested hOATPs (Mandery et al., 2010).