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Rosmarinic Acid: A Boon in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kumar Anand, Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain, Imran Kazmi, Sanmoy Karmakar
Rosmarinic acid oil found in Perilla frutescens (Lee et al., 2013) from which glucoside of rosmarinic acid (rosmarinic acid-3-0-glucoside) is obtained (Makin et al., 2001). Rosemary (Al Sereiti et al., 1999) (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.), Sage which is a spice herb Mint (Ellis et al., 1970), Thyme (Dapkevicius et al., 2002), Basil (rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in hairy root cultures of Ocimum basilicum) and the Ayurvedic medicine Holy Basil (Hakkim et al., 2007), Melissa officinalis (Labiatae) at 2.2-5.5%, Orthosiphon stamineus (Malahubban et al., 2013), Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunberg) (Zheng et al., 2012), Verbascumxantho phoeniceum (Scrophulariaceae) (Georgiev et al., 2012), and Heliotropium foertherianum (Boraginaceae) (Braidy et al., 2013).
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
The anti-inflammatory potential of RAME derived from a mutant culture of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton has been investigated. In RAW 264.7 cells, RAME retarded LPS-activated production of NO having IC50 of 14.25 µM. RAME also suppressed the LPS-stimulated expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, interferon-β, iNOS, and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1. Furthermore, RAME inhibited the NF-κB activation. These outcomes suggested down-regulation of expression in iNOS content due to application of RAME was due to MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88)-dependent and-independent pathways. Besides, RAME suppressed HO-1 expression via activation of NFE2L2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). Tin protoporphyrin’s treatment-aHO-1 inhibitor proliferated the RAME-activated inhibition of NO production. In a nutshell, RAME extracted from P. frutescens suppressed production of NO via concurrent inhibition of HO-1 and suppression of MyD88-dependent and-independent pathways [7].
Sources of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Chlodwig Franz, Johannes Novak
Perilla frutescens can be classified in several chemotypes as well according to the main monoterpene components perillaldehyde, elsholtzia ketone, or perilla ketones and on the other side phenylpropanoid types containing myristicin, dillapiole, or elemicin (Koezuka et al., 1986). A comprehensive presentation on the chemotypes and the inheritance of the mentioned compounds was given by this author in Hay and Waterman (1993). In the referred last two examples, not only the sensorial but also the toxicological properties of the essential oil compounds are decisive for the (further) commercial use of the respective species” biodiversity.
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a common vegetable all over the world. Its seeds are traditionally used to treat liver disorders because of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Apigenin, linamarose, and vitamins A and C were found to be the most bioactive constituents in celery seeds, according to a phytochemical study. Chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis was inhibited in rats pretreated with celery seed extracts, as demonstrated by a decrease in γ-GT positive foci (67). The cytotoxicity of mung bean sprouts (MBS) extract on HepG2 cells and normal human cells were different. Stimulation of apoptosis (Bax and caspase-8), the rise of anti-tumor cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-β), the elevation of IFN-γ development, and enhancement of cell-mediated immunity were among the mechanisms underlying MBS anti-tumor properties (68). The leaves of Perilla frutescens L. are eaten as a vegetable and are commonly used for their sweet fragrance. The extracts obtained of several plants, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and apigenin have been shown to have anti-proliferative properties against a variety of cancers. According to one study, isoegomaketone extracted from P. frutescens, repressed cell progression and xenograft tumor development in HCC cells, most likely by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (69).
Luteolin restored Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate allergic rhinitis in a mouse model
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Yuping Yang, Lingling Wang, Song Wang, Yan Wang, Yunqiang Du, Yuqin Fan
Currently, pharmacotherapy is the main therapy for AR, the therapeutic efficacy of which has been strongly supported by accumulating evidence. However, a part of AR patients poorly respond to the existing drugs. Moreover, the high cost and the side effects cannot be ignored as well [10]. Applied in clinical treatment of multiple diseases for thousands of years in China, traditional Chinese medicine is well-known for its excellent therapeutic effects together with the advantages of the low cost and little side effects, thereby drawing great attention worldwide [11,12]. Belonging to the Lamiaceae family, Perilla frutescens is extensively used in Asian countries for treatment of allergic diseases comprising bronchial asthma and AR. Polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the main components of the herb [13–15]. As the active constituent of Perilla frutescens, luteolin (LO) is a flavonoid proven to possess the anti-allergic activity [13,16,17]. Previous works have demonstrated that LO can alleviate mucus overproduction and inflammation in the airway of asthmatic animals [18,19]. Jang et al. have revealed that LO decreases inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and attenuates cell infiltration in the nasal tissue and pulmonary parenchyma of mouse with allergic asthma and rhinitis [20]. With regard to the relevant mechanisms, most studies focus on the role of LO in innate immune response and airway epithelial cells [21–23], while a few papers has affirmed the crucial functions of LO on Th1/Th2 imbalance involved in AR [10,24]. Nevertheless, there remains much room for investigation on the mechanism of LO in AR, which motivated us to do this research.
Cardioprotective effect of rosmarinic acid against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via suppression of the NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway and ROS production in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Wei Quan, Hui-xian Liu, Wei Zhang, Wei-juan Lou, Yang-ze Gong, Chong Yuan, Qing Shao, Na Wang, Chao Guo, Fei Liu
RosA is a natural, water-soluble phenolic acid compound that can be isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae). Due to its widespread distribution, it is particularly found in plants of Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae in large amounts. RosA also serves as an effective active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., Prunella vulgaris L. and other Chinese herbal medicines (Cai et al. 2019). Moreover, it possesses oxidation resistance (Zych et al. 2019), anti-inflammation (Fan et al. 2015), immune regulation (Cao et al. 2019) and anti-thrombosis (Zou et al. 1993) activities and other biological functions. Studies have found that RosA can help prevent cell damage caused by free radicals due to its strong antioxidant activity, which is related to its structure (Fujimoto et al. 2010). The catechol hydroxyl eliminates free radical activity, while its C-3 conjugated double bond has a synergistic effect (Imai et al. 2019). According to numerous investigations, oxidative stress is the most serious and long-lasting factor that leads to myocardial I/R injury (Gonzalez-Montero et al. 2018). Therefore, it is believed that RosA is a likely drug candidate for preventing and treating heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies have also reported that RosA has protective effects against acute ischaemic injury (Ramalho et al. 2014) and hypoxia/reoxygenation myocardial cell injury in rats (Zhang et al. 2017). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that RosA has strong anti-apoptotic ability and can protect cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis (Salimei et al. 2007). In light of the above studies, this investigation assumed that RosA possesses protective effects in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury.