China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Maternal Anemia
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Ashley E. Benson, Marcela C. Smid
Usually asymptomatic, unless hemoglobin <6 to 7 g/dL. Iron deficiency is associated with symptoms of fatigue, headache, hair loss, poor concentration, pica (including pagophagia), restless legs syndrome, and reduced physical performance.
Nonhematological Manifestations of Iron Deficiency
Published in Bo Lönnerdal, Iron Metabolism in Infants, 2020
Pica, a perversion of appetite characterized by the compulsive ingestion of nonfood substances, has been associated with iron deficiency anemia.51,53 Pica is a frequent manifestation of iron deficiency in adults as well as children, occurring in more than 50% of children with iron deficiency in some series.51 Iron-deficient individuals may crave any of a variety of substances, but many have an intense desire for ice (“pagophagia”).54 The craving for ice appears to be specific for iron deficiency and can be fully expressed in the absence of anemia. It could not be attributed to stomatitis or glossitis and was not satisfied by cold liquids or ice cream. Similarly, rats rendered iron deficient by bleeding were reported to exhibit a preference for ice rather than for water.54 That pagophagia may be relieved by administration of iron has been observed long before modem times. Surprisingly, pagophagia is cured within a few days by the administration of very small amounts of iron, much less than those required to correct anemia or repair the iron store deficit.51,55 Various other forms of pica have been observed in several parts of the world and occurs in at all ages but mostly in children and pregnant women. Subjects whose pica is characterized by the eating of clay or starch may have induced their own anemia, as these substances absorb iron and inhibit its absorption.53
The Hematologic System and its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Iron-deficiency anemia presents with the same cell morphology. Indeed, since chronic blood loss causes a loss of iron stores, chronic posthemorrhagic anemia actually is an iron-deficiency anemia. Whether the underlying cause is blood loss, decreased iron absorption, or inadequate dietary iron for an increased iron demand, the result is a hypochromic microcytic anemia. Symptoms of severe iron-deficiency anemia may include a craving for dirt or paint (a syndrome called pica) or ice (pagophagia), but diagnosis usually depends on a determination of plasma iron levels and the elimination of other causes.
Estimation of the utilities of attributes of intravenous iron infusion treatment for patients with iron-deficiency anemia: a conjoint analysis in Japan
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2023
Tomomi Takeshima, Chise Ha, Kosuke Iwasaki
Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia, which can cause symptoms such as fatigue, headache, paleness, dyspnea on exertion1, pagophagia2,3, and restless legs syndrome2,4. According to a systematic analysis of the global anemia burden, anemia affects 27% of the world’s population and iron deficiency is the main cause (≥60%) of anemia5. Among Japanese women, the frequency of IDA is estimated to be 8.5%6. According to the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in Japan in 2019, among women, 13.5% of the total respondents aged ≥20 years reported hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of less than 12.0 g/dL, as did 18.3% of those in their 30 s, and 14.9% of those over 60 years; among men, 10.7% of the total respondents aged ≥20 years reported concentrations of Hb less than 13.0 g/dL, as did 0.4% of those in their 20–40 s, and 15.9% of those over 60 years7. IDA is known to be associated with poorer health outcomes, such as higher mortality in patients with chronic renal failure or undergoing cardiac surgery, and a higher risk of cardiovascular malfunction after percutaneous coronary intervention8–10.
Iron deficiency anemia in males: a dosing dilemma?
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Abu Baker Sheikh, Nismat Javed, Zainab Ijaz, Venus Barlas, Rahul Shekhar, Blavir Rukov
Iron deficiency anemia is a global concern and is responsible for 800,000 deaths per year worldwide [1]. Anemia is well described in certain groups such as women of child-bearing age and children; however, the risk for anemia in males is increasing. There are a few risk factors evident in males, including ethnicity. Age was found to be a greater risk factor in males as compared to females [2]. Absolute iron deficiency is caused by physiologically increased iron requirements, reduced iron intake, pathological defective absorption, or chronic blood loss [3]. Functional iron deficiency has a slightly different pathology. It is characterized by a state in which there is a failure of iron incorporation into erythroid precursors despite having adequate stores [4]. This pathophysiology explains the iron deficiency in infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases [5]. Therefore, there are many causes of iron deficiency anemia that have to be investigated. A few diagnostic clues include a dietary history that is low in iron and a history of pagophagia [6]. However, laboratory diagnosis remains the mainstay of confirming such a diagnosis. The first step in this process includes clinical features suggesting anemia, with a low mean corpuscular volume (≤80μm3) and low mean hemoglobin (≤13.7 g/dL). This is followed by measuring serum ferritin levels. Levels ≤30 ng/ml are diagnostic of iron deficiency anemia. In patients with indeterminate serum ferritin levels, the total iron-binding capacity, serum iron, and transferrin saturation levels are measured. In cases of iron deficiency anemia, the iron-binding capacity is increased while serum iron and transferrin saturation levels are decreased [7].
Polycythemia vera: aspects of its current diagnosis and initial treatment
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2023
Richard T Silver, Ghaith Abu-Zeinah
In addition, severe fatigue was reported in 4 of the 7 selected patients, ascribed to ‘non-hematologic effects’ of iron deficiency. Six of 7 patients complained of severe pruritus. Pagophagia, an enormous desire for ice, occurred in 4 of the 7 patients [84]. Severe degrees of iron deficiency are associated with other consequences, as summarized in a recent article [85]. Clinically, these include fatigue [86], cognitive impairment, dementia, more frequent falls, and poor exercise tolerance. Impaired tolerance has also been noted for patients who have received chemotherapy for cancer and delayed recovery for those who have had a myocardial infarction.