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Natural Preservatives
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Many of the organic acids found their first major applications in foodstuffs. However, a wide variety of acids are also in use in cosmetics, including benzoic acid (pKa 4.2), citric acid (pKa 6.4, 4.8, 3.1), sorbic acid (pKa 4.8), and salicylic acid (pKa 3.0) (Figure 3.5). These are frequently added to the product via the appropriate salt in order to aid solubility. While each of these acid species is produced synthetically, each is also found in natural materials.
4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
4-Hydroxybutyric acid was once developed as an intravenous anesthetic in order to obtain an analog of GABA, which would cross the blood–brain barrier. However, on testing in animals, it was found to produce convulsions [3, 4] and thus it never came to human trials. The first patient with 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria was described by Jakobs and colleagues [1] in 1981. Thirty-one patients in 21 families were studied by 1993 [2, 5]. By now, approximately 500 patients have been documented worldwide [6], of whom 114 are followed in a clinical registry maintained at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School [7]. A report [8] of experience with 23 patients, emphasized the importance and difficulty of organic acid analysis in the diagnosis of this disorder.
Chemical Constituents of Ginseng Plants
Published in Joseph P. Hou, The Healing Power of Ginseng, 2019
Many organic acids are present in the alcohol extracts of ginseng roots. The most common organic acids are citric, fumaric, ketoglutaric, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, maleic, malic, pyruvic, succinic, tartaric, and other yet unidentified acids.53, 54 As to ginseng's activity, what role these acids play is not known.
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Yuxi Yue, Kai Zhong, Yanping Wu, Hong Gao
Organic acids have long been applied to prevent food contamination and the dissemination of food-related bacteria (Ricke 2003). Specifically, the utilization of organic acids to combat L. monocytogenes has been reported. Lactic acid can effectively reduce the L. monocytogenes population on spinach surfaces during refrigerated storage (Chhetri et al. 2019). Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (PCA, Figure 1A), a familiar metabolic product of organisms, is also known to have antimicrobic properties (Chen et al. 2015; Nguyen et al. 2015). Recently, PCA has been isolated from the metabolites of an endophyte bacterium, and its yield greatly increased by fermentation optimization. Encouragingly, PCA exhibited apparent bacteriostasis against L. monocytogenes, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.75 mg ml−1 (Yue et al. 2022). Nevertheless, little is known about the potential antibiofilm efficacy of PCA against L. monocytogenes. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to clarify whether and how PCA influences L. monocytogenes biofilm by evaluating the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity and viability of biofilm cells, and biofilm morphology. The impact of PCA on EPS secretion and hemolytic activity of L. monocytogenes was also assessed. Furthermore, the practical application of PCA to inactivate L. monocytogenes adhesion to common food-contact surfaces was evaluated.
Urinary organic acids spectra in children with altered gut microbiota composition and autistic spectrum disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2022
Zanda Daneberga, Miki Nakazawa-Miklasevica, Egija Berga-Svitina, Daiga Murmane, Dana Isarova, Liene Cupane, Madara Masinska, Inga Nartisa, Andzela Lazdane, Edvins Miklasevics
The acquired organic acid concentrations were compared to the laboratory developed reference values. The laboratory developed reference values are based on samples analysed in the laboratory showing non-specific organic acids results. In this case urine sample do not show increased concentration for any of quantified or semi-quantified analytes and is interpreted as non-specific spectra (there is no evidence for primary or secondary metabolic disorder). All samples with any primary metabolic disorder (as inborn errors of metabolism) or secondary changes (due to received medications, e.g. valproic acid, Keppra; physiological ketosis, diet with medium chain triglycerides etc.) were excluded. The samples included in the reference group may have various phenotypes and also clinical symptoms (e.g. dysmorphic features, hypotonia, short stature, psychomotor retardation etc.), but did not confirm any changes in the excretion of organic acids in urine. In the scope of this study the reference values were not calculated, but used laboratory established reference range of compound concentrations. The reference values in the age group 2–5 years were based on 785 samples without a primary or secondary metabolic disorder, in the age group 6–18 years 645 samples were included correspondingly. The reference values are expressed as 5th–95th percentile of acquired organic acid results in the group of patients without a primary or secondary metabolic disorder.
Novel mutations in a Chinese family with two patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Xiao-dan Chen, Yun-ting Lin, Min-yan Jiang, Xiu-zhen Li, Duan Li, Hao Hu, Li Liu
A rare autosomal recessive disease, SSADH deficiency, manifests in the form variable clinical phenotypes, including psychomotor retardation, language delay, behavioral disturbance, and convulsions [11,12]. The disorder presents with such nonspecific neurological features that most neurologic or metabolic specialists are unlikely to request organic acid quantification. Therefore, the diagnosis is challenging. The symptoms in the two patients reported in this study were severe. Although they were born as normal babies, they began to exhibit neuropsychological clinical features since about four months of age, characterized by severe seizures, psychomotor retardation and regression, hypotonia, and cognitive disorder. Until the proband was diagnosed, her brother had been symptomatically treated for epilepsy, and parents were not recommended any genetic counseling. A lack of prompt diagnosis was the main cause of the proband’s brother’s death. The lack of genetic counseling and clear diagnosis resulted in the birth of the two affected children in this family. Definitive diagnosis of any genetic disease is therefore essential for prenatal diagnostic and prognostic evaluation, which can also provide a reference for therapeutic prognosis and further basic research.