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Fibromyalgia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Taking magnesium hydroxide with malic acid (Super Malic tablets) by mouth can reduce pain related to fibromyalgia.3 Taking magnesium citrate 300 mg/day for eight weeks is also reported to improve some symptoms of fibromyalgia.4
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Resveratrol (3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic antioxidant, and has been reported to protect cardiovascular and nervous systems, prevent cancer, improve diabetes, and extend lifespan. Resveratrol is only found in different red or black grape varieties, primarily in their skins and seeds. For example, levels of resveratrol in skins and seeds of muscadine grapes are about one hundred times higher than those in pulp (78). Resveratrol in fruit is more potent than its supplement because its bioavailability (absorption) in red grape is higher than that of its supplement. Tannins, including the monomeric catechins, are present in the skin and seed tissues but nearly absent in the flesh (78). Grapes also contain tartaric acid and malic acid. Tartaric acid is accumulated during the initial stages of berry development and its concentration is highest at the periphery of the developing berry. By contrast, malic acid is accumulated in the flesh cells at the end of the first growth phase. These acids confer acidity to the wine, and are therefore critical to its quality (78). Flavor that builds in grapes is mostly the result of the acid/sugar balance and the synthesis of flavor and aromatic compounds (78). Briefly, red grapes and red wines are better than white grapes and white wines in the prevention of CVDs and cancer, due to numerous polyphenol antioxidants cited above. The quality of a wine depends on the variety of the vine, its cultivation mode, and its environment.
Fibromyalgia
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Magnesium is a chemical element that is important to normal bone structure. It also plays a role in more than 300 cellular reactions.164 Magnesium hydroxide plus malic acid orally has been found to decrease fibromyalgia-related pain and tenderness among patients.165 Magnesium citrate 300 mg daily for 8 weeks improved symptoms of fibromyalgia, including number of tender points and comorbidities such as depression as compared to baseline.166
First report on the presence of aflatoxins in fig seed oil and the efficacy of adsorbents in reducing aflatoxin levels in aqueous and oily media
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
According to our results, aflatoxins in fig extracts could also be effectively reduced by marl treatment (Figure 1). Reductions of 76.23–93.79% and 66.94–89.60% in the levels of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins, respectively, were recorded after treating the extracts with this agent. Reduction rates increased with increasing the concentration of the agent (p < 0.05). At the treatment concentration of 5.0%, the aflatoxin reduction rates obtained with marl were not significantly different than those obtained with activated carbon and bentonite (p < 0.05). Marl, a calcareous clay containing a high amount of calcium carbonate, is conventionally used for deacidification of grape must (Karababa and Develi Isikli 2005). It lowers the acidity by precipitating tartaric acid and malic acid as calcium tartrate and calcium malate, respectively. This causes an increase in the pH of the must from around 3.5 to 5.0–6.0 (Rezaei et al.2020). In the past, reductions in aflatoxin levels were observed during processing of the must, especially after treating with marl (Bahar and Altug 2009, Heshmati et al. 2019). However, it was not clarified that if the reduction was caused as a result of an adsorption effect or due to structural change of the toxin caused by alkalization of the medium.
The efficiency and mechanism of a new absorption enhancer, malic acid, for enhancing the oral bioavailability of docetaxel
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Xin Hong Guo, Fang Ding, Xinjie Lian, Weiwei Cui, Zhi Li, Yabing Xing
Absorption enhancers such as chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan are often modified physically or chemically as nanocarrier materials to promote intercellular drug transport (Chen et al. 2013; Ni et al. 2016). However, few studies have investigated absorption enhancers for co-administration with drug-loaded nanoparticles without chemical or physical modifications (Bu et al. 2015), despite their simplicity, practicality, and ease of application. Malic acid (MA), with an irritating or refreshing sour taste, is mainly used in the food and pharmaceutical industry (Niklander et al. 2018). MA is used as a medicinal excipient, a flavoring agent for oral preparations, and can also prepare malate for some drugs such as sunitinib malate and clebopride malate. Thus, MA, at low concentrations, is a very safe excipient for oral preparations. The MA molecule contains two carboxyl groups and can complex with calcium ions (Jini et al. 2005). It is inferred that MA should open tight junctions between epithelial cells, thus promoting intercellular drug transport. However, MA as an absorption enhancer has not been reported thus far.
Pearson syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2018
Piero Farruggia, Floriana Di Marco, Carlo Dufour
In PS, there is a disruption of the Krebs cycle, resulting in increased serum and urinary levels of some acids and amino acids. A 1.3–5-fold increase in serum lactate is frequently found [5,6,41]. Since the levels of lactate are intermittently high in one-third of patients [6], when the first level is still normal in the presence of a clinical suspicion of PS, we recommend repeating the dosage at least 2–3 times. The lactate:pyruvate is usually higher than 20 [3], and this ratio appears to give a more informative diagnosis than isolated lactate levels that may be mildly elevated. In addition, plasma 3-hydroxy-butyrate levels are frequently high [3,5]. Increased urinary excretion of lactate and fumaric acid is noted in about 90% of patients [6], whereas this is evident for malic acid in 50% of patients [6]. Methylglutaconicaciduria, discussed in two previous papers [64,65], could be found only in 2 out of 11 Italian children [6]. Alanine is high in about 90% of cases [6], and following plasma amino acid analysis low levels of citrulline and arginine are also found [42].