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Nutritional Optic Neuropathy
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
William Sultan, Giulia Amore, Uchenna Francis Nwako, Stacey Aquino Cohitmingao, Samuel Asanad, Alfredo Sadun
Another controversial entity is the so-called tobacco–alcohol amblyopia [14,15]. This is not common in industrialized countries not withstanding that smoking and alcohol abuse are, pointing out the role of general nutrition. It has been established that cyanide in tobacco can cause toxic effects on the optic nerve. Alcohol on the other hand, appears to produce nutrient malabsorption via gut irritation and liver dysfunction [8]. Chronic alcohol ingestion also induces CYP450 and a subsequent increase in ROS production. Furthermore, many historical cases were in fact Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy precipitated by smoke [16]. Visual symptoms in tobacco–alcohol amblyopia seem to be related to a nutritional deficit or genetic predisposition triggered by smoke and potentially alcohol. The cases related to nutritional deficiency often improve and resolve with adequate nutritional supplementation [17].
Cephalopelvic Disproportion and Contracted Pelvis
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
These can happen due to: Nutritional deficiency.Congenital abnormalities.Acquired diseases like tuberculosis.Trauma to the concerning bones.
Intestinal Failure
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Rashmi Patil, Elizabeth King, Jeffrey Rudolph
A thorough physical exam is an important part of the nutrition assessment. A Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) includes careful global assessment of patient attributes as they pertain to nutritional status. The correlation of physical exam findings with nutritional deficiency is described in Chapter 2. Potential micronutrients that may be deficient in patients with intestinal failure include iron, zinc, copper, vitamin C, protein, and essential fatty acids. Due to the nature of intestinal failure and the push for enteral autonomy, these deficiencies can be found in greater frequency and in combination. Assessment for sarcopenia has garnered increased interest in the field of intestinal failure and transplant recently, though its relationship to outcomes is still unknown.
Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Complications and Prophylaxis Strategies
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Aleksandra Śledzińska, Paulina Śledzińska, Marek Bebyn, Oskar Komisarek
Dysgeusia treatment mainly focuses on the treatment of the underlying cause. In cases of nutritional deficiency, dietary supplements can be helpful (150). Medication-induced changes in taste appear to be relieved by reducing the drug dosage or replacing it with an alternative drug (151). According to a large longitudinal study, the majority of COVID-19 patients who lost their olfactory and gustatory senses recovered in less than one month (152). Patients are advised to use non-metallic cutlery, avoid metallic or bitter-tasting foods, increase protein consumption, flavor foods with spices and seasonings, serve cold food to reduce unpleasant taste or odor, brush teeth frequently and use mouthwash, or use sialogogues such as sugar-free gum or sour-tasting drops that stimulate the taste buds (136,153). For severe dysgeusia, topical anesthetics such as lidocaine gel are suggested (154).
Subjective Global Assessment of Nutritional Status in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy – A Prospective Observational Study from North East India
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Hima Bora, Mouchumee Bhattacharyya, Apurba Kumar Kalita, Partha Pratim Medhi, Gautam Sarma, Jyotiman Nath, Manoj Kalita, Dimi Ingtipi, Biswajit Sarma
Physical examination: Three features suggestive of nutritional deficiency were to be noted and graded during physical examination of patients. These were, firstly, the Loss of Subcutaneous Fat- to be evaluated over the triceps, under the eyes, at the mid-axillary line over lower ribs, lower back and sides of the trunk. Secondly, the Loss of bulk and tone of muscles (Muscle Wasting) over the temple, clavicle, shoulder, scapula/ribs, quadriceps and interosseous muscle of hand were observed. Lastly, the Presence of edema over the ankles and/or sacral region along with presence of ascites was to be recorded as features of fluid retention. The presence of ascites was verified with 3 weekly whole abdomen ultrasonography. The findings were classified as None, Mild/Moderate and Severe for all the three features as described in SGA form.
Topical cortical application of ovarian hormones and modulation of brain electrical activity: analysis of spreading depression in well-nourished and malnourished female rats
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Noranege Epifânio Accioly, Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
Nutritional deficiency is a worldwide public health problem that has a significant neurological impact and can injure the nervous system of humans and other mammals. Malnutrition early in life can impair the neural structure and function of humans and other mammals in adulthood.9–12,19 In rats, the nutritional status early in life has been shown to dichotomously affect CSD, with malnutrition facilitating CSD propagation,9,31 and overnutrition impairing it,9 in comparison with normally-nourished control animals. The facilitating effect of malnutrition on CSD has been confirmed in the present study (Figure 3). Moreover, our data demonstrated that early malnutrition (consequent to unfavorable lactation conditions, i.e. suckling under large litters) does not impede the CSD action of topical ovarian hormones. The implications of such observation for the human health deserve further experimental and clinical investigation.