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The Metabolic Medicine Postoperative Bariatric Surgery Consultation
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the management of morbid obesity. These operations involve major alterations of the gastrointestinal tract. They can be divided into gastric-only procedures (band, balloon and sleeve) and gastric/intestinal (gastric bypass, duodenal switch) procedures. According to the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), more than 200,000 bariatric surgeries are performed annually in the United States. This has created a unique role for the physician nutrition specialist to assist patients who seek these approaches for their obesity and the surgeons who perform them.
Process Use Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews
Although the process of eating is natural, the act of eating signals the brain to activate the dopa-mine system, allowing those eating to feel a sense of pleasure and satisfaction (Volkow et al., 2017). This process of dopamine rush is not dissimilar from the use of substances like opiates, although the use of these substances can have a much higher rate of dopamine activation within the brain (Pedram et al., 2013). Foods that have higher contents of sugars, salts, and fats will have an increased signal of dopamine in the brain than other foods (Gearhardt, 2009). While eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia have been accepted into formal diagnostic criteria, there remains some lack of clarity regarding a full consensus on food addiction (Hebebrand et al., 2014). The DSM-5 has identified that being overweight or obese can be a clinical focus if these conditions are clinically significant and contribute to a lack of appropriate functioning (APA, 2013, p. 726). Research by Pedram and colleagues (2013) found that among those sampled, almost 7% of women and 3% of men were found to meet criteria for food addiction. The likelihood of living with food addiction also increased with obesity among study participants. The short-term negative health effects of food addiction can include heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. The long-term negative health impacts of food addiction can include heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke. These health problems combined create higher mortality rates for those living with morbid obesity (Abdelaal et al., 2017).
Surgical Treatments of Obesity
Published in Ruth Chambers, Paula Stather, Tackling Obesity and Overweight Matters in Health and Social Care, 2022
There is a much lower risk of rebound weight gain compared with other modes of weight treatment because of the permanent nature of the surgical intervention. The operative risks are very minimal, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 0.04% in the UK and complication rate of approximately 2.4%, which is much safer than many other routine operations.5,6 The risks of mortality and morbidity accompanying obesity increase with the extent of overweight, so the management of severe or morbid obesity assumes greater importance, and for such patients, the surgical option is an important alternative option. Morbid obesity is associated with poor quality of life (QOL) and a reduced life span of at least ten years; however, with the weight loss after bariatric surgery, a person’s life span is restored to normality.
Long-term effects of physical activity prescription after bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Monika Fagevik Olsén, Malin Wiklund, Erica Sandberg, Stefan Lundqvist, Elizabeth Dean
Bariatric surgery appears to be the only intervention that results in long-term weight loss in patients with morbid obesity (Sjöstrom, 2008; Sjöström et al., 2007). Although an increasing number of individuals undergo various types of bariatric surgery each year worldwide, it is not the solution for all patients and certainly less desirable than other noninvasive interventions (e.g. various types of prescribed lifestyle interventions). Generally, PA and exercise have a weight reduction effect (Donnelly et al., 2009), however the evidence for such interventions in individuals who are obese is sparse (Wu, Gao, Chen, and van Dam, 2009) despite the likelihood that it has a role in weight stabilization (Jakicic, Marcus, Lang, and Janney, 2008; Wing and Phelan, 2005). Other advantages include reduced obesity-related complications. Individuals who are obese but also fit have been reported to have lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality than those who are not fit (McAuley and Blair, 2011; McAuley et al., 2010).
Cost-effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil compared with laninamivir for the treatment of influenza in patients at high risk for complications in Japan
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Mariia Dronova, Hidetoshi Ikeoka, Naoya Itsumura, Nobuo Hirotsu, Amir Ansaripour, Samuel Aballéa, Yoshie Onishi, Mark Hill, Ataru Igarashi
The following list of HRC was considered in line with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition and phase III clinical trial of baloxavir3,8:Asthma or chronic lung disease.Endocrine disorders.Compromised immune system.Neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders.Heart disease (excluding hypertension).Blood disorders.Metabolic disorders.Morbid obesity.Women within 2 weeks postpartum – for patients aged <65 years only.Residents of long-term care facilities – for patients aged ≥65 years only.
Changes of epicardial fat thickness after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Ahmed Abdallah Salman, Mohamed Abdalla Salman, Ahmed Soliman, Ahmed Youssef, Safa Labib, Mona Youssry Helmy, Mohamed A. Marie, Mohamed Shawkat, Amir Mostafa, Mohamed Sabry Tourky, Mohamed D. Sarhan, Mohamed Gamal Qassem, Hossam El-Din Shaaban, Mahmoud Gouda Omar, Tarek Elsayed Abouelregal
Obesity is a global epidemic whose incidence has tripled in the past few decades; according to recent global figures by World Health Organisation (WHO), up to 650 adults suffer from obesity worldwide [1]. Morbid obesity is a severe form of the disease that is defined by a body mass index of more than 40Kg/m2 with a progressive increase in the hazard of mortality and morbidities [2]. Cases with morbid obesity are at an elevated risk of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), thromboembolic events, diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic kidney disease, sleep apnoea, and carcinogenic events [2–4]. Additionally, morbid obesity is associated with a significant impairment in physical function, leading to limited daily activities, disability, and reduced quality of life [5].