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Cystic Fibrosis and Pancreatic Disease
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Elissa M. Downs, Jillian K. Mai, Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg
For infants, human milk and/or standard infant formula (unless otherwise indicated) is recommended. Fortification of human milk and/or infant formula beyond 20 kcal/oz is warranted for infants with slow weight gain and growth. Complementary foods are introduced when developmentally appropriate, typically around 6 months of age. When beginning solids, pureed meats are recommended as a first food due to higher energy, protein, zinc, and iron content. Adding oils/butter, preparing cereals with formula or human milk, and adding carbohydrate and protein modulars can be utilized to increase energy of infant foods. The early introduction of nut butters and eggs can be advantageous for additional energy and allergen exposure. Salt supplementation should be added to the infant’s diet as previously discussed.
Milk feeding
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
Infant formula is the only nutritionally adequate alternative to breast milk during the first 6 months for term infants. Even though it does not provide immunity to protect infants from illness, it is a socially acceptable way to feed infants. The last UK Infant Feeding Survey in 2010 reported that 81 per cent of mothers initiate breastfeeding soon after birth; however, exclusive breastfeeding declines rapidly with only 46 per cent mothers doing so at the end of the first week, 23 per cent at six weeks and 1 per cent at six months (McAndrew et al. 2012). Higher hospital admission rates are seen in formula fed infants compared to breastfed infants and estimates are that if all UK infants were exclusively breastfed, the number hospitalised each month with diarrhoea would be halved, and the number hospitalised with a respiratory infections would be cut by a quarter (Quigley et al. 2007).
Development in Infant Nutrition
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
Mothers who have elected to breast-feed their infants perceive infant formula as the ideal substitute for human milk. How much of this perception is physician influence versus parental or peer group endorsement is unknown.
Sleep architecture is related to birth season in 1-month-old infants
Published in Chronobiology International, 2019
Anja Kärki, E. Juulia Paavonen, Anna-Liisa Satomaa, Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Heini Huhtala, Sari-Leena Himanen
The infant sleep data obtained by the PSG were analyzed according to the four birth seasons defined above. The conceptional age of infants at the time of the PSG varied from 41.3 weeks to 48.4 weeks. This may have had an impact on the individual seasons of the PSG recordings. Therefore, TST, T% and R% were analyzed according to the PSG recording season, respectively. Breastfeeding at 3 months of age was categorized into two classes: infants being breastfed only vs. infants having both breast milk and infant formula, or infant formula only.
Dietary polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide increase exploratory behavior, improve recognition memory, and alter neurochemistry in the young pig
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Stephen A. Fleming, Supida Monaikul, Alexander J. Patsavas, Rosaline V. Waworuntu, Brian M. Berg, Ryan N. Dilger
It is widely accepted that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrition for infants, however in many situations infants are unable to receive breast milk, and must rely on infant formula as either a partial or whole source of nutrition.1 Evidence suggests that the incorporation of prebiotic substrates in infant formula may have beneficial effects on intestinal function.2,3 Two commercially available prebiotics that are added to some infant formulas include polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS).
Dietary management of infants and young children with feeding difficulties and unsatisfactory weight gain using a nutritionally complete hypercaloric infant formula. practical considerations from clinical cases
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Małgorzata Matuszczyk, Paulina Mika-Stępkowska, Agnieszka Szmurło, Marcin Szary, Mirosław Perlinski, Jarosław Kierkuś
A few days after introducing the high-energy polymeric formula, the nutrition team was sought for additional consultation due to poor tolerance of the recommended formula manifested by increased retching and vomiting. Therefore, the formula was replaced with a complete, hypercaloric whey peptide-based diet. The feeding method was also modified by extending each serving time to 30 minutes. Due to lactation suppression, breast milk was replaced with standard infant formula. Previously recommended servings were maintained.