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Nutrition Part I
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Several studies show that chronic intake of several grams (typically 20 grams) of whey protein significantly reduces blood pressure (84–87), decreases TG and cholesterol levels (88), increases intracellular glutathione levels, and lowers inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease (85,89). These benefits may come from chronic consumption rather than a single dose (90). The type of whey protein may impact results. Clinical trial data indicate that whey protein must be hydrolyzed to ACE inhibitor peptides for it to have antihypertensive properties (84–86,91,92). In addition, certain whey protein preparations may result in a relatively higher insulin response relative to other protein sources (93,94), which may or may not be beneficial in some patient populations.
Animal Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Whey is a byproduct of the dairy industry. Whey is the liquid part of the milk that remains after the separation of curd in cheese making. Its main food use is in the preparation of whey cheese, whey drinks, and fermented whey drinks. The main industrial uses are in the manufacture of lactose, whey paste, and dried whey. Whey can be sweet or acidic depending on the method of cheese-making (90, 92, 109). Recent studies found that whey proteins have antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects (109). Other whey properties are cited above. Whey products are the favorite food of Italians.
Micronutrients and Nutraceuticals: Effects on Exercise Performance
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Stella L. Volpe, Quentin Nichols
Whey protein supplementation is an effective nutritional supplement with respect to increases in muscle mass. Although not all researchers have shown improvements in muscle mass in older adults, some researchers have shown a beneficial effect, which can help stave off the loss of muscle due to sarcopenia.
Use and safety of appearance and performance enhancing supplements in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men receiving daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Salin Nhean, Alice Tseng, Nancy L. Sheehan, Isaac I. Bogoch
The use of APES may be associated with potential health risks (Favreau et al., 2002; Navarro et al., 2014), including serious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (US Food and Drug Administration, 2017). Anabolic steroids are associated with severe adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, hair loss, depression, anxiety, and aggression (Evans, 2004; Food and Drug Administration, 2017). Additionally, there are case reports of otherwise young healthy men who developed acute liver toxicity and elevated serum creatinine (SCr) after ingesting muscle-building supplements containing creatine and whey protein (Avelar-Escobar et al., 2012; Whitt et al., 2008). In 2013, an investigation by the United States government found 17 of 22 patients exposed to a particular weight-loss supplement required hospitalization with one necessitating liver transplant (Chatham-Stephens et al., 2017).
Effects of a Plant-Based High-Protein Diet on Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy – a Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Esther Sathiaraj, Kamar Afshan, Sruthi R, Arti Jadoni, Krithika Murugan, Shekhar Patil, Radheshyam Naik
From March to September 2020, 103 of 248 (41.5%) eligible patients were randomized to the intervention group (n = 52) or the control group (n = 51). Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1 and included women with a mean age of 52 (SD 9.7) years and a mean BMI of 25 (SD 3.6) kg/m2. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and FSI values at baseline (Table 2). On average, 96% (n = 50 of 52) of patients adhered to the personalized nutritional counseling and 90% (n = 47 of 52) adhered to the prescribed amount and frequency of whey protein supplement intake. Patients in the control group did not receive a placebo, but all of them (n = 51) received at least two sessions with the nutritionist during which their diet was reviewed, questions were clarified, and they were educated about healthy eating. No specific food was recommended or restricted unless patients reported food allergies or intolerances.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Exercise and Protein Effectiveness Supplementation Study (EXPRESS) on Reducing Frailty Risk in Community-Dwelling Older People
Published in Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2021
Agathe Daria Jadczak, Renuka Visvanathan, Robert Barnard, Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
Participant retention is often cited as another issue affecting the quality of studies. In our research we found that whilst the interventions were safe, there were tolerability issues related to the nutritional supplementation; this is something that we46 and other groups47 had noted previously when using commercial products.46,47 Difficulty ingesting the protein drinks, and tolerability of the drinks once consumed resulted in early withdrawals from this study. Therefore, sample size estimation for future studies of this nature should allow for a dropout rate of ∼25%. Those that remained in the study reported high compliance with both types of protein supplements (i.e., 90.3%), which conforms to findings from other studies that investigated the effects of dairy proteins. For example, Fielding et al.,47 as well as Collins et al.,48 also reported high compliance to twice daily 20 g supplements of whey protein in combination with resistance-based exercise despite undesirable gastrointestinal effects. Lactose intolerance is often cited as the cause of gastrointestinal issues in response to dairy. However, the whey protein isolate used in this study had negligible lactose, and known lactose intolerance was an exclusion criterion. Since whey has been demonstrated to empty from the stomach more rapidly than other proteins,49 it is plausible that rapid gastric emptying caused the bloating, nausea and diarrhea experienced by some participants in this study; these are all symptoms of idiopathic accelerated gastric emptying.50