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Utilization of Fisheries' By-Products for Functional Foods
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Muhamad Darmawan, Nurrahmi Dewi Fajarningsih, Sihono, Hari Eko Irianto
There are several ways to hydrolyze the fish protein such as chemically hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis (Zamora-Sillero et al., 2018). Among the methods, chemically hydrolysis using alkali and acid is relatively low cost and simple to operate; thus, the method is widely used at an industrial scale. However, compared to biochemical methods, the chemical and thermal hydrolysis approach is harsher, which caused amino acid profile damage, a loss of nutrients, and produced very heterogeneous peptides due to the nonspecific peptide bond cleaving. Biochemical hydrolysis can be done using endogenous proteolytic enzymes of the fish proteins or using exogenous enzymes. According to Zamora-Sillero et al. (2018), the hydrolyzing process of the fish protein is much more controllable when an exogenous enzyme is used compared to the endogenous enzyme. Moreover, an exogenous enzyme will produce a better homogeneous protein hydrolysate. Therefore, an enzymatic approach is currently considered as the most effective protein hydrolysis method available to produce FPH. Enzyme selection has a key role in hydrolyzing fish protein.
Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Bashir et al. (2018) and Wang et al. (2017) reported on the antioxidant properties of the muscle protein hydrolysates of this species. Highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (71.69%) was recorded with whole muscle protein hydrolysates treated with Protamex; and the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (95.39%) was observed in white muscle protein hydrolysates treated with Neutrase. Further, the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (32.84%) was found with white muscle protein hydrolysates treated with Protamex.
Diarrhea and Malnutrition
Published in Fima Lifshitz, Childhood Nutrition, 2020
Andrea Maggioni, Fima Lifshitz
However, the choice of feedings used for the nutritional rehabilitation of non-breast-fed infants who have acute diarrhea remains controversial. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended the use of a lactose-free formula176 as a feeding of choice during an episode of acute diarrhea. Cow’s milk and lactose-containing formula may not be well tolerated because their lactose content may exceed the reduced lactase activity of infants with diarrhea,177–180 causing prolongation of the diarrheal illness. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of diluted cow’s milk or cow’s milk formula as the first choice for refeeding non-breast-fed infants who have acute diarrhea, and more recently the WHO recommend “to keep on going with the same feeding used before the illness”.181 There are other authors who recommend the use of soy-based formula though there are reports of sensitivity to soy protein in young infants recovering from acute gastroenteritis.182 Others have advocated protein hydrolysate semi-elemental diets in this period.183,184 We have shown that there are important beneficial effects in the nutritional management of acute diarrhea with the use of a hypo-osmolar formula containing glucose polymers, medium-chain triglycerides, and casein.186
Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, in an allergic asthma model, of Olea europaea L. leaf extracts from Collo (Skikda, Algeria)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Zineb Rouibah, Amir Ben Mensour, Ons Rekik, Mahieddine Boumendjel, Faiza Taibi, Mohamed Bouaziz, Abdelfattah El Feki, Mahfoud Messarah, Amel Boumendjel
Thus, the acid hydrolysis of olive leaf extract leads to a high quantity of HT (Jemai et al. 2008), whose antioxidant activity is attributed to its hydrogen donation and the ability to scavenge free radicals by forming an intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the free hydrogen of its hydroxyl group and the phenoxyl radicals. It generates a new radical that is stabilized by the resonance effect of the aromatic structure. The propagation phase is so blocked and also the development of oxidation is delayed (Bouaziz et al.2008). According to the obtained data, it is clear that our hydrolysate of olive leave extract includes a high antioxidant activity compared with the aqueous olive leaf extract with IC50 (2.14 and 4.87 µg/mL, respectively). All the same, Bouaziz et al. (2008) have found that hydrolysate extract had strong antioxidant activity, being the most effective in terms of the IC50 (0.65 µg/mL) value.
Augmented healing of full thickness chronic excision wound by rosmarinic acid loaded chitosan encapsulated graphene nanopockets
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Priyanka Chhabra, Gaurav Chauhan, Amit Kumar
Hydroxyproline is major component of collagen so the amount of collagen present in the tissue sample was measured by hydroxyproline as the index [49]. For the hydroxyproline estimation the granulation tissue from the healed wound area was collected and defatted by the mixture of chloroform: methanol 2:1(v/v) and further dried in acetone. The treated samples were hydrolyzed in 6 N HCL at 130 °C for 4 h in sealed tube and cool on ice. Prepared hydrolysates were diluted with assay buffer, chloramine-T reagent and stand at room temperature for 20 min. To this further add freshly prepared DMAB (Dimethyamino-benzaldehyde) reagent and incubate for 45 min at 65 °C. The absorbance was measured at 550 nm to obtain the amount of hydrooxyproline in granulation tissue [50].
Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Kamonkiat Wirunsawanya, Sikarin Upala, Veeravich Jaruvongvanich, Anawin Sanguankeo
Whey protein is a biologically active protein that has been found to have many potential biological advantages including cardiovascular benefits, antioxidant properties, enhanced immune function, weight reduction, and maintenance of catabolism of muscle mass during exercise because it contains many functional and nutritional components, especially essential and branched-chain amino acids, cysteine, and immunoglobulin (2). There are different types of whey protein, including isolate, concentrate, and hydrolysate, which can come in different formulations including powder, milk, and specialized formula with a higher content of certain amino acids. Compared to other kinds of protein, whey protein is water-soluble, quickly digested, and easily absorbed.