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Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
Manganese is an essential mineral found in numerous foods and is available as a supplement. It is best known to be involved in enzyme activation, bone formation, reproduction, blood clotting, and immune response.5
Postmenopause
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Minerals: Many minerals are vital for maintaining healthy aging and metabolic functioning. Zinc, for example, assists in many hormone activities and is critical to immune function. Supplementation at 15 mg a day is advised for postmenopausal women. Likewise, manganese helps with carbohydrate metabolism and bone development and is important in a wide range of metabolic functions, including its role as a cofactor for a number of enzymes important in energy production and antioxidant defense. The many food sources for manganese include mussels, wheat germ, tofu, sweet potatoes, nuts, brown rice, lima beans, chickpeas, spinach, and pineapples. Supplements typically provide 1 to 4.5 mg of manganese. Taking a complete mineral supplement daily is an easy way to ensure adequate intake.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Manganese is stored in liver and bone. Manganese absorption occurs along the entire intestine but overall is only 3–4% (9). The absorption efficiency in the small intestine is low. High concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, fiber, and phytate reduce manganese absorption through interactions. Plasma concentrations of Mn are one to two μg/g, bound to transferrin (9). Manganese deficiency is rare or unknown in humans (4, 8–9). Its toxicity is also uncommon and is most frequently the result of exposure to airborne manganese dust in industry or ore exploitation. Manganese overexposure reportedly may have an adverse effect on central nervous system function and mood (8). Toxicity, disease, or symptoms due to Mn poisoning by inhalation produces psychotic symptoms and Parkinson’s syndrome (8). The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Mn is 11 mg per day for adults (4). There is currently no RDA set for dietary manganese; instead, there is an AI (average daily intake) value for Mn: 2.3 mg/day for adult men and 1.8 mg/day for adult women (4).
Preventive treatment with sodium para-aminosalicylic acid inhibits manganese-induced apoptosis and inflammation via the MAPK pathway in rat thalamus
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Yue Deng, Dongjie Peng, Chun Yang, Lin Zhao, Junyan Li, Lili Lu, Xiaojuan Zhu, Shaojun Li, Michael Aschner, Yueming Jiang
The central nervous system (CNS) is the main target of Mn poisoning. Mn enters the brain across the blood-brain barrier, accumulating in various brain regions, especially the globus pallidus, hippocampus, and thalamus (Antonini et al. 2009). Manganese plays an important role in brain homeostasis, but excessive amounts are associated with neurological syndromes, including cognitive deficits, neuropsychological abnormalities, and Parkinsonian-like syndrome (Mezzaroba et al. 2019). Previous studies have shown that Mn predominantly accumulated in the dentate gyrus and CA3 area of the rat hippocampus, resulting in a neurodegenerative disorder (Peres et al. 2016, Langley et al. 2018); Zheng et al. (2009) reported that after short-term Mn exposure, the concentrations of Mn in the hippocampus, thalamus, and soft tissues of rats were increased significantly. In this study, excessive Mn exposure significantly increased the concentration of Mn in the rat thalamus. Our previous studies have shown that PAS-Na could alleviate Mn-induced neurotoxicity (Li et al. 2018, Peng et al. 2019). In this study, we found that PAS-Na had the effect of promoting Mn excretion.
Dietary Manganese Intake and Risk of Liver Cancer in Japanese Men and Women: The JACC Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Fumiko Kasai, Ehab S. Eshak, Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroyasu Iso
Viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, and smoking are the common risk factors for liver cancer (1,3,4). In addition, a considerable amount of research has recently begun to investigate the association between diet and the risk of liver cancer. A meta-analysis of 10 observational studies reported a dose-response reduced risk of liver cancer with higher green tea consumptions (5). Some studies have suggested a weak inverse association between rice intake and overall cancer risk (not specifically liver cancer) (6,7), and rice bran-extracted phytic acid-induced marked growth inhibition in liver cancer cells (8). In the Shanghai Women’s Health Study and Shanghai Men’s Health Study, a vegetable-based dietary pattern was inversely associated with the risk of liver cancer (9). Manganese is a trace element primarily obtained from tea, rice, and vegetables in the Japanese diet (10); thus, it could have played a role in the reduced risk of liver cancer observed with higher consumption of these dietary factors.
Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Nataliya A. Karyakina, Natalia Shilnikova, Nawal Farhat, Siva Ramoju, Brandon Cline, Franco Momoli, Donald Mattison, N. Jensen, R. Terrell, Daniel Krewski
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element in the human body, where its deficiency or excess can lead to adverse health effects. Mn absorption, retention, and excretion are controlled by homeostatic mechanisms and are highly interrelated. Regulation of Mn in blood, different organs and tissues is affected by Mn levels from dietary exposure (the main source of Mn supply in humans) and by individual variability in homeostatic regulations [(Freeland-Graves et al. 1988); see Andersen et al. (1999), for a detailed discussion of Mn toxicokinetics)]. Despite the fact that Mn uptake following inhalation exposure represents less than 1% of the total daily intake, in occupational settings, inhalation exposure represents the most efficient route of transport of Mn to the brain. Inhaled Mn bypasses the protective role of the liver to enter the systemic circulation, it might enter the brain via the olfactory system, bypassing the protective role of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, occupational aerosol may contain substantial levels of non-respirable Mn particles (size from 10 to 100 µm) and Mn uptake into blood can occurs via the gastrointestinal tract (due to a mucociliary clearance from the tracheobronchial airways) (Long et al. 2014).