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Periodic Paralysis—Hyperkalemic/Hypokalemic
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Calcium gluconate is a primary treatment option. Calcium alleviates symptoms in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, most likely by reducing the abnormal sodium influx.4 It is used in part for rapid response to treatment because calcium gluconate does not require hepatic metabolization before it is active. A tablespoonful of calcium gluconate syrup stirred into a glass of Coca-Cola or other sweet beverage can stop a mild episode in the early stages and help protect the heart cells.6 Calcium guconate syrup is a mineral supplement available over the counter and is found in most pharmacies.6
Writing the Initial Parenteral Nutrition Order
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Intravenous calcium comes in gluconate, chloride and gluceptate salts. But the gluconate form is preferred because it has fewer incompatibilities (Newton and Driscoll 2008). I generally start with 9 mEq of calcium gluconate in a standard PN bag of 2 L or more. I halve the calcium if the TPN volume is smaller because of solubility concerns.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The use of calcium supplements in tablet form is controversial because their efficacy largely depends on their water-solubility. Calcium citrate and lactate are water-soluble, contrary to calcium carbonate and phosphate. The first ones are more absorbed by the intestinal tract than calcium carbonate and phosphate, hence their efficacy is higher than that of carbonate and phosphate. Ca with vitamin D3 supplement is also used to treat some bone diseases. Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid. It is easily water-soluble and used as an intravenous medication for the treatment of some diseases such as tetany and hypoparathyroidism due to calcium deficiency, and hypocalcemia due to pregnancy or rapid growth of skeleton. The use of Ca supplements also varies between countries. In the United States and Canada, around 40% of the adult population was reported to have taken Ca supplements, and 70% in the older women group (10). In contrast, in Argentina and in Europe, very few people are reported taking Ca supplements, even during pregnancy. This difference is mainly due to the habitude of each population rather than due to the lack of Ca in their diet because both populations have similar diets (10).
The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Body Composition and Thyroid Function in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Antonis Zavros, Christoforos D. Giannaki, George Aphamis, Zoe Roupa, Eleni Andreou
The combined effects of Zn and Se supplementation on body composition were studied only in one trial conducted by Mahmoodianfard et al. (46). In particular, the co-administration of 30 mg of Zn gluconate/day and 200 μg of Se yeast/day for four months did not result in any favorable changes in the body composition of hypothyroid overweight-obese patients as assessed by BMI. These results are in contrast with those of another study, where 50 mg/day of Zn gluconate for four months significantly decreased the BMI of overweight patients with type II diabetes mellitus (61). It is difficult to conclude if the higher dosology of Zn gluconate used can explain the difference between those results because a decrease in BMI was also observed in studies with lower or the same dosages with 30 mg/day. In particular, a significantly decreased in BMI was observed with dosages of 20 mg/day (51) and 30 mg/day (43) of elemental Zn gluconate. Yet, caution must be taken in doses >40 mg/day because such a dose excesses the recommended upper limit for adults. This is something that might have negative effects on HDL-c concentrations and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity (81). Zn doses beyond the upper limit can also increase the risk for suppressed immunity, anemia, and gastrointestinal problems (82). On the other hand, in the study by Mahmoodianfard et al. (46), Se yeast was used instead of L-selenomethionine, which was previously found to be effective for improving the BMI of people with overweight or obesity (45).
Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Clara Depommier, Amandine Everard, Céline Druart, Dominique Maiter, Jean-Paul Thissen, Audrey Loumaye, Michel P. Hermans, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Willem M. de Vos, Patrice D. Cani
Major changes in the metabolome of the participants treated with the living form included down-modulation of caproate and 2-methylbutyrylglycine. Medium-chain fatty acid caproate is well documented in the literature as positively associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, or Hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis.28–31 Interestingly, one common feature for all of those conditions is a poor representation of A. muciniphila.5,32,33 In the same line, A. muciniphila has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects2,5 and it is worth underlining that 2-methylbutyrylglycine is a metabolite described as a neurotoxin and that A. muciniphila treated subjects had lower levels of this metabolite.34 Effects of living A. muciniphila were also characterized by an elevation of circulating levels of gluconate and 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine. Although largely described in microbiology, the function of gluconate in human physiology remains unclear.35 However, recent metabolomic studies highlighted a potential role in redox homeostasis through promotion of GSH recycling, in accordance with its metabolomic connection to the pentose phosphate pathway.36 Finally, consistent with A. muciniphila being a signature of longevity and being underrepresented in age-related diseases,37,38 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine was described as a potent predictor of healthy aging.39
Lactose-reduced infant formula with added corn syrup solids is associated with a distinct gut microbiota in Hispanic infants
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Roshonda B. Jones, Paige K. Berger, Jasmine F. Plows, Tanya L. Alderete, Joshua Millstein, Jennifer Fogel, Stanislav N. Iablokov, Dmitry A. Rodionov, Andrei L. Osterman, Lars Bode, Michael I. Goran
Among such discriminating metabolic capabilities quantified by Community Phenotype Indices (CPI, on the scale from 0 to 100% fractional representation) is lactose utilization showing a two-fold elevated CPI value in breastfed groups (BB and BP) compared to formula-fed groups (TF and ASF). The predicted utilization capabilities for glucuronides, gluconate, beta-arabinosides, and raffinose, were also elevated two- to five-fold in both human milk fed groups. CPI for methionine degradation was 2.5-fold higher in both human milk fed groups, whereas the biosynthetic propensity for cysteine and cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis were decreased 1.5- to 2-fold in the human milk fed groups. Predicted propionate production capability appeared to be ~1.5- to 2-fold higher in the formula-fed groups, but was also elevated in babies who consumed pumped human milk from a bottle (Figure 4).