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Brain Health
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Supplements cannot replace a healthy diet or a healthy lifestyle, so first make sure your diet includes a diversity of foods, with an abundance of foods that are rich in antioxidants. However, even if your diet is excellent, you may need to add a few essential nutrients.
Vitamin Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Compared to macronutrients, only small quantities of vitamins are needed; however, they are still considered essential nutrients because they cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet the body’s needs and must be obtained from the diet or a synthetic source. The functions of vitamins are of a catalytic or regulatory nature, where they aid in chemical reactions in the body’s cells. Vitamin deficiencies may develop if intake is insufficient, absorption or metabolism is impaired, or excretion is increased.1 Clinicians need to perform a comprehensive physical exam to assess for micronutrient deficiencies while considering disease states, intake and biochemical markers to assess adequacy.
Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Overview: Nutrition-related skin disease occurs in the setting of either deficiency or excess of essential nutrients needed to maintain biologic function. These essential nutrients include macronutrients (e.g., protein, carbohydrates, fats) and/or micronutrients (e.g., vitamins and minerals). Dietary intake, comorbid conditions, metabolic aberrancy, and underlying illnesses are factors associated with nutrition-related skin disease.
Association between diet and symptoms of anxiety and depression in college students: A systematic review
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Sanjoy Saha, Hilary Okafor, Lesli Biediger-Friedman, Andrew Behnke
Diet has the potential to play role as a modifiable factor to improve mental health.1,4 There are many nutrients that are essential for normal physiological functions. Those nutrients cannot be synthesized in the human body and must be obtained through one’s diet.1 A poor or unhealthy diet has low nutrient density and lacks many essential nutrients thus impacting mental health (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency causes fatigue, depression, and poor memory).1,60 Furthermore, different individuals have a different responses to nutrient intake because of individual variations in sensitivity to specific nutrients and requirements of essential nutrients.1 In addition to the roles of nutrients on brain function, diet also impacts gut microbiota.1,61 Maintaining a healthy microbiota to regulate the function of serotonin metabolism is important in response to manage stress, anxiety, and depression.62,63 Therefore, consuming a healthy diet appears to have significant impacts on mental health.1,62,63
High throughput genome scale modeling predicts microbial vitamin requirements contribute to gut microbiome community structure
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Juan P. Molina Ortiz, Mark Norman Read, Dale David McClure, Andrew Holmes, Fariba Dehghani, Erin Rose Shanahan
The collective of self-organized microbes living in the human gut give rise to biological processes that modulate non-communicable disease (NCD) etiology.1–5 Gut strains adapt to the gut environment based on the metabolic attributes encoded in their genome. Molecules central to cell metabolism are considered essential nutrients when they must be provided by the environment. However, specific metabolic attributes allow strains the option of synthesizing such molecules when unavailable (optional nutrients). Such characteristics lead to the establishment of nutritional and bioenergetic exchanges between sets of strains with complementary metabolic attributes, resulting in the emergence of higher scales of community organization (higher order units). It is now understood that the microbial processes that influence human biology cannot be effectively explained by individual strains, but rather the resulting higher order units.6–8 These may take the form of specific co-abundance or interaction modules (IMs),6–8 or reflect broader aspects of microbial community assembly observed across human populations (such as community types or enterotypes)9,10 which likely represent differential nutritional and bioenergetic signatures.11 Although the mechanisms through which resources are exchanged have been described,12,13 and these can be readily related to genome evolution,14 the higher-order processes constraining emergent structures are yet to be defined, partially due to the inherent complexity within the community.
Toward ‘element balance’ in ADHD: an exploratory case control study employing hair analysis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
John C. Perham, Nida I. Shaikh, Anna Lee, Kathryn A. Darling, Julia J. Rucklidge
What might lead to latent or sporadic deficiencies in such an array of these essential nutrients? It is possible that inadequate mineral nutrition may have been a contributing factor, yet from the FFQ, difference in diet appeared to be of only minimal effect in this study. It may be that such deficiencies were longstanding, in that early malnutrition is known to influence the development of ADHD behaviours over time [35]. Perhaps a wide array of subtle genetic differences across multiple gene sites [36] could negatively impact on microbial diversity in the gut early on in life [37] which could in turn affect absorption of essential elements. Low levels of essential elements may then impact the body’s ability to eliminate toxic elements such as bismuth, and in failing to do so, potentially drive Bi levels higher. Based on the ratios, it appears that the elevated Bi in a substantial number of children in the ADHD group (40%) may have resulted from an imbalance of one or more other elements. In other words, high Bi may have been more of a result, rather than a driver, of the observed perturbance in mineral balance seen for this element between the ADHD and Control groups. Environmental contamination by Bi was ruled out because the Controls, from the same environments, remained unaffected, lending support to an entirely internal biological process taking place.