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Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Medicinal properties and uses — It is useful in chronic bronchitis. Its essential oil has been successfully administered in the treatment of gleet, gonorrhea in the advanced stage, leukorrhea, other vaginal discharges, leprosy, and other skin diseases. Several species of Dipterocarpus, viz., D. laevis Ham, D. alatus Roxb., and D. indicus, grow in Bengal, Bangladesh, Burma, and Siam. They yield an oleoresin extract “gaurjan balsam” or “wood oil”. The oil has a pale gray or light brown color, may be as thick as honey. It resembles copaiba balsam and has been used as a substitute for oil of copaiba in the treatment of gonorrhea.
Types of Raw Incense
Published in Kerry Hughes, The Incense Bible, 2014
Origin: Protium copal is a subcanopy tree that grows in a range of environments, from primary forests to deciduous secondary forests from Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. The word copal was borrowed by the Maya from the Aztecs word copalli. Not to be confused with Copaifera (Copaiba balsam), which is from western Africa.
Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
Copaiba oils (Copaifera sp. - Fabaceae) are oleoresins with hundreds of pharmacological studies already carried out seeking to confirm and give scientific basis for traditional uses throughout Latin America, especially in the Amazon. Composed of sesquiterpene (the light constituents, with 15 carbons) and diterpenes (the resinous constituents, with 20 carbons), copaiba oils are sources of important bioactive molecules, such as beta-caryophyllene, an anti-inflammatory substance for which action on cannabinoid receptors has been recently identified. Among the several species of the genus Copaifera that produces this oleoresin, copaiba oils obtained from the most important species Copaifera martii, C. officinalis, C. cearensis, C. multijuga, C. langsdorffii, C. lucens, C. paupera and C. reticulata were chemically studied and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and dermatophytes (Almeida-Silva et al. 2020; Cavalcante et al. 2017; Ricardo et al. 2018). Copaiba oils showed no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast and only moderate activity against dermatophyte fungi (Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis). They showed strong bactericidal activity, decreasing the viability of the Gram-positive bacteria within 3 hours. The most active copaiba oils were those from C. martii, C. officinalis and C. reticulata, that were active against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC from 31.3–62.5 μg/mL). The oleoresin from C. martii was studied further to identify the mechanism of action in S. aureus. Scanning electron microscopy revealed lysis of the bacteria, causing cellular agglomerates. Through transmission electron microscopy it was possible to identify a rupture and damage to the cell wall, which resulted in the release of cytoplasmic components. Other effects such as alterations in morphology, and a decrease in cell volume, were observed, indicating that copaiba oil may affect the cell wall (Santos et al. 2008). All these results show the strong effect that lipophilic substances can have on the cell walls of microorganism, one of the main mechanisms of action of EOs.
Development and characterization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles loaded with copaiba oleoresin
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Vinícius Raphael de Almeida Borges, Marina R. Tavares, Julianna Henriques da Silva, Lidia Tajber, Fabio Boylan, Ana Ferreira Ribeiro, Luiz Eurico Nasciutti, Lucio Mendes Cabral, Valeria Pereira de Sousa
Copaiba oleoresin (CPO) is obtained from trees of the genus Copaifera, represented by 72 species, including Copaifera landgroffii, widely distributed in Brazil especially in the Amazon region. The oleoresin is formed by a resin part, composed of diterpene acids, diluted in an essential oil, composed mainly of sesquiterpenes. The bi-cyclic sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (CAR) is the most abundant constituent of CPO, including the volatile and nonvolatile fractions (Cascon & Gilbert 2000; Veiga Junior et al. 2007). CPO is a product of detoxification of the plant and acts as a plant defence against animals, fungi and bacteria. The CPO is described as active to a large number of treatments and uses to include anti-inflammatory (Carvalho et al. 2005; Veiga Junior et al. 2007), antimicrobial (Tincusi et al. 2002), antinociceptive (Gomes et al. 2007), antioxidant (Silva et al. 2009), antiparasitic (Santos et al. 2008) and wound healing (Paiva et al. 2002).
Design and development of essential oil based nanoemulsion for topical application of triclosan for effective skin antisepsis
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Pratibha G. Kakadia, Barbara R. Conway
The penetration-enhancing effects of essential oils with important biological activities are promising. Lan et al. (2014) determined that essential oils increase the penetration of hydrophilic drugs as well as lipophilic drugs (such as indomethacin and 5-fluorouracil). They also mentioned that the penetration effects of essential oils differ according to the polarity of the drugs. Karpanen et al. (2010), presented that the use of EO, which has antimicrobial activity, in a formulation increases the penetration of chlorhexidine as well as its antimicrobial activity. Similarly in another study adding 25% copaiba oil to the formulation increased both the penetration and anti-inflammatory activity of celecoxib (Quiñones et al. 2018).
Antibacterial activity and physicochemical properties of a sealer containing copaiba oil
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Lara Rodrigues Schneider, Andressa da Silva Barboza, Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Daniela Coelho dos Santos, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Evandro Piva, Angela Diniz Campos, Rafael Guerra Lund
The copaiba oil resin was obtained from the Copaiba da Amazonia manufacturer (Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil). The oil was extracted from the reserve of Tupé, Amazonas, Brazil. The analysis certificate was issued by laboratory Hexalab consulting in clinical analyses LTDA, under the supervision of UNISANTOS (Catholic University of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil).