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Champion Microalgal Forms for Food and Health Applications
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Chiara Toniolo, Marcello Nicoletti, Paola Del Serrone, Ambati Ranga Rao, Gokare A. Ravishankar
Among the species of Chlorella, mainly C. vulgaris is cultivated worldwide. C. vulgaris Beyerinck is a green, roughly spherical, single celled fresh and ocean water microalga, belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta. Chlorella cells are many times smaller than those of other microalgae. Chlorella sps. are widely used in industries producing health foods, feed and food supplements, as well as in pharmaceutical and cosmetics. They are rich in proteins, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals (Table 5.3). Chlorella is marketed as a nutrient dense food supplement administered for boosting human health (Nakashima et al. 2009).
Global Microalgal-Based Products for Industrial Applications
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Ambati Ranga Rao, Gokare A. Ravishankar
Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Company was the first company to produce Chlorella biomass in Taiwan, established in 1964 (www.taiwanchlorella.com), and the world’s largest producer. Chlorella can be used in foods such as pasta, cookies and also made in the form of tablets and capsules, enhancing the nutritional quality of the diet. This company made various products with Chlorella in the form of tablets, powder, extracts and noodles. This company has maintained best quality products with quality assured certificate from ISO 9001 (2008). It has the best quality control processing unit which validates the quality of the products through examination of microbial safety, nutritional parameters, color inspection, volume verification and also purity tests.
Assessing the Toxic Load and Detoxification Strategies
Published in Len Wisneski, The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
Nutritional support includes specific and nonspecific detoxification agents, antioxidants, and lipotropic agents. Fibers, such as pectin, increase excretion of toxins, protect against toxic metal damage, and decrease enterohepatic recirculation of toxins.64 Supplementation with chlorella decreases toxic metals and metabolites by directly preventing absorption of toxins, increasing stool and urinary excretion of metals, and preventing enterohepatic recirculation of toxins.65–67
Investigation of hepatoprotective effect of some algae species on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
F. Altinok-Yipel, I. O. Tekeli, S. Y. Ozsoy, M. Guvenc, S. Sayin, M. Yipel
While the use of algae was limited to traditional household remedy, become a popular alternative treatment due to bioactive components that do not exist in terrestrial nutrients (proteins, polyphenols and polysaccharides) and pharmacologic characteristics. Chlorella (Ch) is a microalgae that contains strong antioxidant compounds (lutein, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, α- and β-carotene) and has hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, antioxidant and immunostimulant effects (Shibata et al. 2007, Li et al. 2013, Ebrahimi-Mameghani et al. 2014). Spirulina (Sp) is a blue-green algae that have metabolic (hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemia), antiviral, liver protective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune-supportive properties (Karkos et al. 2011, Mazokopakis et al. 2014). Laminaria (La) has anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects due to fucoidan and phenolic compounds (Seok et al. 2015). Sargassum (Sa) has hypolipidemic effects and beneficial in eczema, scabies, lung diseases and renal dysfunctions due to its free radical-eliminating effect (Motshakeri et al. 2014).
Foodomics for human health: current status and perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Daniela Braconi, Giulia Bernardini, Lia Millucci, Annalisa Santucci
Among microalgae, Spirulina, Chlorella, and Klamath can be cited as the most important organisms. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium often sold under the appealing and marketable term of ‘superfood,’ although a thorough scientific validation of its claimed effects is still lacking. It was reported to have positive effects in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol [81] as well as anticancerogenic properties [82–84]. Klamath, a cyanobacterium named after the lake where it grows spontaneously, has been shown to have antioxidant properties in vivo and it has been suggested as a complementary treatment of postmenopausal women [85]. Chlorella, a microscopic green alga, has been shown to have detoxicant action, stimulate the immune system, improve digestion, and normalize blood sugar levels [79].
Improvement of ionizing gamma irradiation tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris by pretreatment with polyethylene glycol
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Seyed Ali Hosseini Tafreshi, Peyman Aghaie, Mohammad Amin Toghyani, Ahmad Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani
The results of present study revealed that a higher growth rate and cell size was stimulated by pretreating Chlorella with PEG under both stress-free and gamma-stress conditions. In terms of the effect on the enzymatic antioxidant systems, PEG resulted in higher CAT activity in all gamma-radiated algae compared to the PEG-free controls in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, generally gamma-induced suppression of APX or SOD activity was modified to some extent by the PEG pretreatment. Moreover, a lower rate of pigment loss and membrane damage occurred in the algae during gamma irradiation when pretreating with PEG. It was found that the higher accumulation of proline during gamma irradiation was PEG-independent, and might be related to the intrinsic tolerance of C. vulgaris to ionizing irradiation stress. Our findings provided the insight that the PEG pretreatment could ameliorate the negative effect of gamma irradiation on C. vulgaris probably by stimulating a range of ROS scavenging agents, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. It was suggested that after a period of adaptation, Chlorella may consume this material using a similar mechanism recruited by some bacteria to break down and absorb the substance as an alternative source of carbon during stress which should be further studied in details. Further studies should also be directed toward the understanding of molecular mechanisms of PEG pretreatments on supporting the algal cells during ionizing irradiation stress. This could contribute in discovering gene candidates with possible potential of reducing the toxicity effect of irradiation stress in eukaryotic cells.