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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Recent research is focused on using pigments extracted from marine sources as anticancer agents due to their significant pharmaceutical applications (Manivasagan et al. 2018). Studies have shown the anticancer effects of chlorophyll and its derivatives via assessment of its antimutagenic activities. Fucoxanthin was reported to be effective against various cancers, such as liver, prostate, leukemia, breast, and others. In HepG2 cells, the anticancer activity of fucoxanthin was studied in which fucoxanthin reduced the cell viability by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase (Das et al. 2008).
Impact of Sulphur Dioxide Deposition on Medicinal Plants' Growth and Production of Active Constituents
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Shakeelur Rahman, Azamal Husen
Exposure of plants to SO2 resulted in the interruption of normal metabolic activity. Photosynthesis and respiration can be altered or enzymatic activity can be increased or decreased. The concentration of SO2 is responsible for the scale of metabolic change. There is a possibility that metabolic disorders can happen without visible signs of injury. In green plants, chlorophyll is one of the main vital parts of energy production and its quantity is significantly affected by the environmental situation. Reduction in chlorophyll causes a decrease in plant productivity and then causes plants to display poor strength (Speeding and Thomas 1973). Bell and Mudd (1976) suggested that the resistance of plants to SO2 might be related to the synthesis of deprivation of chlorophyll. However, plants balancing their chlorophyll under polluted circumstances are said to be tolerant (Singh and Verma 2007). The important tool to evaluate the effects of SO2 is the measurement of chlorophyll as it has an important role in plant metabolism. Plant growth is directly affected if there is any decrease in chlorophyll content (Agbaire and Esiefarienhre 2009). Generally, the impact of increased SO2 on plant growth is indicated by the net photosynthetic rate (Woo et al. 2007).
Potential of Piper Germplasm Against Pathogenic Bacteria: Tropical Bay Islands in India
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Chinthamani Jayavel, Ajit Arun Waman, Saravanan Kandasamy, Pooja Bohra
Chlorophyll is a vital component for photosynthesis, which is comprised of Chl-a (primary pigment) and Chl-b (accessory pigment). Significant differences were noticed among the samples studied for total chlorophyll content (Table 5.4). In general, total chlorophyll content varied from 0.60 to 6.72 mg/g. Wide variations were noticed among genotypes of P. sarmentosum as the values varied between 0.90 and 6.72 mg/g in this species. In case of Chl-a and Chl-b, P. sarmentosum-4 was found to contain the highest amount of pigments of 3.31 mg/g and 3.42 mg/g, respectively. P. colubrinum-2 was found to contain lowest amount of Chl-a (0.24 mg/g) and Chl-b (0.37 mg/g) among all the genotypes studied. In general, concentration of Chl-b was comparatively higher than that of Chl-a, except in case of P. sarmentosum-1.
Evaluation of the optimum threshold of gamma-ray for inducing mutation on Polianthes tuberosa cv. double and analysis of genetic variation with RAPD marker
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh, Seyed Najmedin Mortazavi, Morteza Ganjinajad, Volkan Okatan, İbrahim Kahramanoğlu
Gamma radiation had a significant effect on leaf chlorophyll. The highest amount of chlorophyll was obtained from controls (1.42 mg g−1 FW) followed by 20 Gy (1.10 mg g−1 FW) and 30 Gy (1.23 mg g−1 FW) (Table 3). The effect of 40 and 50 Gy radiation on the chlorophyll parameters of the flowers was significantly different from that of controls. The chlorophyll content decreased with increasing gamma dosage. The results are in agreement with Mohan Jain (2006) and Wi et al. (2007) who demonstrated that chlorophyll pigment decreased with increasing radiation levels. It seems that photosynthetic pigments are degraded by gamma radiation, which reduces photosynthetic capacity and plant germination rate. On the other hand, free radicals are likely generated inside the irradiated organs which caused to cell degradation and metabolisms, such as imbibition of the thylakoid membrane, and changes in photosynthetic and antioxidative ability (Bertolini et al. 2001). Reduction in chlorophyll in buckwheat mutants showed that chlorophyll biosynthesis decreased as the plants were exposed to gamma radiation, which stimulated the activity of chlorophyllase enzyme, increased chlorophyll decay, and finally decreased photosynthetic activity (Moghaddam et al. 2011). Jia and Li (2008) reported that the photosynthesis of pepper plants decreased in response to the increased levels of gamma radiation. However, no definite result has been observed regarding the effect of γ-irradiation on plant chlorophylls.
A method for screening antifouling paints using the CIELAB coordinates of Ectocarpus sp. under a flow-through condition
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Ryuji Kojima, Nobuyoshi Nanba, Glenn Satuito
The application of biocides is a traditional method of controlling biodecay of outdoor cultural heritage (Prieto et al. 2006; Thornbush 2008; Sanmartin et al. 2012), tiles (Coutinho et al. 2016) and solid substrata (Prieto et al. 2002, 2005; Sanmartin et al. 2010; Vazquez-Nion et al. 2013; Pozo-Antonio and Sanmartin 2018). Chlorophyll degradation to phaeopigments is used to test the biocidal efficacy of the anti-microbial agents (Sanmartin et al. 2011a; Prieto et al. 2013). In the present study, the usefulness of the CIELAB coordinates (L*, a*, b*, Commission Internationale de l’Eclarirage 2004; ASTM D 2244-0707 2005) in estimating chlorophyll degradation was investigated. Their findings showed that the CIELAB coordinates proved to be an effective tool in describing chlorophyll degradation (Sanmartin et al. 2011b). CIELAB coordinates appeared to be the most informative parameter in describing the biocidal activity in both planktonic and biofilm mode of growth. Therefore, the authors focused on the CIELAB colour coordinates as parameters for the evaluation of the bioassay.
Evaluating the role of gamma irradiation to ameliorate salt stress in corn
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Alireza Shaebani Monazam, Mohammad Ali Norouzian, Mehdi Behgar, Azam Borzouei, Hedayat Karimzadeh
According to observations, the greenness was higher in GI treatment than in control in all measurement stages. In addition, GI treatment had a higher chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll. Different researchers reported chlorophyll content enhancement due to irradiating seeds with GI under saline conditions. For instance, Aly et al. (2018) observed that GI (100 and 200 Gy) increased photosynthetic pigment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress conditions. They reported that the maximum increment was observed in total chlorophyll content. In Lepidium Sativum L., GI induced chlorophyll content increment so that chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll increased by 10.4, 30.3, and 14.9%, respectively, due to GI of 5 Gy (Majeed et al. 2010). The seed pretreatment of Vicia Sativa L. with GI (100 Gy) increased chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll as much as 2.2, 6.8, and 6.5%, respectively (Beyaz 2020). Irradiating with gamma rays also prevented the inhibiting effect of salt stress on chlorophyll content in Citrus limon (Helaly and El-Hosieny 2011). Some reports have shown that GI induced enzymatic antioxidant activity under saline conditions, which prevented cell membrane destruction and chlorophyll loss (Beyaz 2020).