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Personalization of Nutrition Advice
Published in David Heber, Zhaoping Li, Primary Care Nutrition, 2017
Using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical and cost-effective way to assess body composition in the office (Kyle et al. 2004). BIA depends on the fact that muscle is about 70% water and conducts electricity, while fat is an insulator. The most commonly used machines are modified scales with four contact points. By placing two contact points on the hands and two on the feet and separating these by a wide distance, it is possible to pass an alternating microcurrent at 50 cycles/second (50 Hz) through the body and assess impedance. The computer in the machine using proprietary algorithms then estimates both lean body mass and fat mass. The lean body mass measurement is accurate, within 5–10%, while the body fat measurement is an estimate and does not specify the location of the fat, as was done with MRI.
Applied exercise physiology and health
Published in Nick Draper, Helen Marshall, Exercise Physiology, 2014
Figure 14.2 provides an illustration of two instruments that are commonly used to assess body composition: skinfold calipers and a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Traditionally, exercise physiologists used skinfold calipers to measure a participant’s body fat percentage. Using this method, a fold of skin is measured between the calipers at a number of anatomical sites around the body. The skinfolds (measured in mm) at the selected sites are entered into a prediction equation to provide an estimation of body fat percentage. To ensure accuracy of results there must be a high degree of intratester (test-retest) and intertester (agreement between all testers) reliability. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is increasingly being used by physiologists as a faster, and often equally accurate, method for assessing body composition. This method involves a participant standing still on the analyser with bare feet and, in some analyser models, holding two handholds with arms not touching the body. An undetectable, low level electrical current is passed through the body. rior to standing on the analyser, the participant should empty their pockets and remove any jewellery, to avoid disturbance of the electrical current. Body water is high in electrolytes and so is an excellent electrical conductor. Lean body mass has a relatively high water content compared to fat mass and, as a consequence, the differences in impedance to conductivity can be used to assess body fat percentage. Bioelectrical impedance analysers provide an estimate (using prediction equations based on bioelectrical impedance results) of total fat mass, lean body mass and often the fat mass for each limb and the trunk. As the calculation of the results is based on body water content and the resultant electrical conductivity, the hydration status of an individual will directly affect the results. When a participant last ate, drank or exercised before a test will impact on the results and therefore needs to be controlled to maintain the integrity of the analysis.
The Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Body Composition and Thyroid Function in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Antonis Zavros, Christoforos D. Giannaki, George Aphamis, Zoe Roupa, Eleni Andreou
Types of participants: Overweight or obese human individuals (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).Types of studies: Randomized controlled trials.Types of interventions: Any dose of Zn, Se supplementation or their combination. Studies where Se or Zn supplementation were combined with other micronutrients were excluded.Types of outcome measures: Body composition measurements and thyroid function (TSH, FT3, FT4). For the purpose of this review, body composition assessment methods were separated to direct (densitometry, computed X-ray tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and indirect (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis) (67). Although both direct and indirect measurements have their limitations (68), indirect methods generally have higher predictive errors than direct methods (67, 69). Categorizing body composition measurements as direct and indirect has been previously used in another systematic review (44). The main difference of the present systematic review is that bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was considered an indirect method.Results were limited to studies published in journals in English, while book chapters, review papers, and animal studies were excluded.
Fat mass index and airway hyperresponsiveness in Korean adults
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Ji-Su Shim, Sun-Sin Kim, So-Hee Lee, Min-Hye Kim, Young-Joo Cho, Heung-Woo Park
Body composition was assessed using a noninvasive method of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) during the health checkups. Segmental BIA was measured for appendicular skeletal muscle to estimate skeleton MM [21], and is a reliable method for all individuals including older adults [22], similar to reference methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Segmental single-frequency BIA (Inbody 720; Biospace Corporation, Seoul, Korea) estimates the MM (g) from the limb and whole-body FM (g) based on the separately measured compositions of limbs and trunk. The sum of the predicted MMs of the limbs was used as a proxy for skeleton MM. The MM (MMI, g/m2) and FM (FMI, g/m2) indexes were generated by normalizing the MM and FM (mass [g] was divided by height [m2]), respectively.
Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Men with Advanced Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Luka Cavka, Maja Pohar Perme, Branko Zakotnik, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek, Bostjan Seruga
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to seek the association between NS and HRQoL in patients with early mCRPC (i.e., before they received any potentially effective systemic therapy for mCRPC such as novel antiandrogens [abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide] and/or chemotherapy). All consecutive patients with early mCRPC who were referred from urology or radiation oncology services to medical oncologists at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between July 2016 and July 2018 were prospectively assessed for the eligibility for participation in this trial. We excluded patients with the following limitations/conditions: i) cognitive decline disabling to fill the self-reported questionnaires, ii) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥3, iii) nutritional counseling in the last six months, iv) inserted heart device precluding bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and v) unwillingness to participate in the study. All participating patients provided a written informed consent. This study, coded as MZ 0120-272/2016-3, received the approval of the institutional review board and National Ethics Review Board (on May 31st, 2016) and is in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.