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Plant Species from the Atlantic Forest Biome and Their Bioactive Constituents
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Rebeca Previate Medina, Carolina Rabal Biasetto, Lidiane Gaspareto Felippe, Lilian Cherubin Correia, Marília Valli, Afif Felix Monteiro, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Ângela Regina Araújo, Ian Castro-Gamboa, Maysa Furlan, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
The chromatographic separation of chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of O. multiflora leaves, a medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatism and arthritic disorders (Carbonari et al., 2006), led to the isolation of four flavonoid dimers, namely, heveaflavone (55), amentoflavone-7′′,4′′′-dimethyl ether (56), podocarpusflavone-A (57) and amentoflavone (58) (Figure 9.11). The biflavonoids were evaluated for cytotoxicity against mouse lymphoma (L5178) and melanoma (KB) cancer cell lines. However, none of these metabolites was active in this assay (Carbonezi et al., 2007).
Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Amentoflavone is unique biflavonoid that occurs in a number of medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum.6 It is also found in Cnestis ferruginea, which is used in traditional African medicine in the management of psychiatric disorders. This biflavonoid has antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. The anxiolytic effects appear to have been due to action at benzodiazepine receptors, as they were reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil.7 In fact, amentoflavone displaced [3H]flumazenil from rat brain benzodiazepine binding sites with a potent IC50 of 14.9 nM.8
Bladder and Prostate Cancer
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Charlie Khoo, Yiannis Philippou, Marios Hadjipavlou, Abhay Rane
Ginkgetin is a biflavonoid found in the leaves of the ginkgo biloba tree. There is a great deal of research ongoing of the effects of dietary flavonoids on human health (the search term ‘flavonoid’ returns over 100 registered trials on clinicaltrials.gov at time of writing). You et al. investigated the effects of various concentrations of ginkgetin on PC-3 cells, finding that it induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting showed decreased concentrations of Bcl-2, Bcl, survivin, and cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulatory protein, suggesting the induction of apoptosis through inhibition of cell survival genes (You et al. 2013). The effect was replicated in human prostate cancer cells DU-145. Signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) proteins contribute to regulation of cell growth, survival, and differentiation; STAT3 is constitutively activated in human cancers. A STAT3-dependent assay of natural compounds identified ginkgetin as a potent inhibitor-treated DU-145 arrested at the G0/G1 phase and underwent apoptosis. This effect was replicated in xenograft mice, with tumor volume and weight significantly reduced compared to control after termination at three weeks (Jeon et al. 2015).
Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of catechol derivatives and biflavonoid isolated from Semecarpus anacardium seeds
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Ramalingam Sundaram, Karuppiah Muthu, Palanivelu Shanthi, Panchanatham Sachdanandam
Changes in the body and organ weights of control and experimental rats were represented in the Table 2. A significant increase in body weight and organ weight (liver, kidney and heart) was noted in high fat diet fed rats (Group II animals) when compared to control rats fed with normal rat chow (Group I animals). Administration of catechol derivatives I–IV and biflavonoid at a concentration of (50 mg/kg b.w) to hypercholesterolemic rats significantly decreased the body and liver weight gain when compared to hypercholesterolemic untreated rats. The results of the above study revealed that the biflavonoid (50/kg b.w.) was found to produce optimum effect in lowering cholesterol and body and liver weights gain than all catechol derivatives I–IV at the same dose. The effect produced by biflavonoid was comparable to that of simvastatin (10 mg/kg b.w.)- an established cholesterol lowering drug. Therefore, the biflavonoid was chosen as potential drug and used for further analysis.
Preparation, evaluation and metabolites study in rats of novel amentoflavone-loaded TPGS/soluplus mixed nanomicelles
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Xue Feng, Yuting Chen, Luya Li, Yuqian Zhang, Lantong Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang
Ginkgo is a deciduous tree of ginkgo family and ginkgo genus. It is an ancient gymnosperm with a growth history of several hundred million years (Gong et al., 2008). Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in more than 200 kinds of compounds such as lactones, polysaccharides, flavones, organic acids and phenolic acids (Ude et al., 2013). Biflavonoids as special flavonoids, their activities are higher than that of monoflavonoids in some aspects. Therefore, a more detailed study on biflavonoids has a good application prospect and significance. As a kind of biflavonoids in ginkgo biloba leaves, amentoflavone (AMF) has many biological activities, such as antioxidant (Zhang et al., 2015; Lee & An, 2016), anti-inflammatory (Zhang et al., 2015), antifungal (Hwang et al., 2012), antiviral (Coulerie et al., 2013), hypoglycemic (Su et al., 2019), anti-tumor (Guruvayoorappan & Kuttan, 2008), and inducing apoptosis (Pei et al., 2012; Zhaohui et al., 2018).
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Sunny O. Abarikwu, Rex-Clovis C. Njoku, Ifeoma G. John, Benjamin A. Amadi, Chidimma J. Mgbudom-Okah, Chigozie L. Onuah
The citrus flavonoid, rutin, is made up of disaccharide rutinose and flavonol quercetin with strong antioxidant and potent pharmacological capabilities including, antiviral, anti-angiogenic, antidiarrheal, anti-mutagenic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory attributes (Chen et al. 2000; Nakamura et al. 2000; Nafees et al. 2015; Abarikwu et al. 2017). It is commonly available in plums, oranges, tea, buckwheat, cherries, apricots and apples (Abarikwu et al. 2020). Kolaviron is a natural medicinal extractive obtained from the Garcinia kola seed, a common nut among most Central and West African populace. The seeds and/or extracts are often utilized to treat certain ailments such as pains, bronchitis, cough, laryngitis, catarrh, liver diseases, dysentery, diarrhea, and hoarseness voice (Iwu and Igboko 1982; Iwu et al. 1990). Although the nuts contain other bioactive extractives flavonoids (biflavonoid), xanthenes and benzophenones (Iwu and Igboko 1982; Iwu et al. 1990; Abarikwu et al. 2012a), kolaviron is the dominant biflavonoid with several interesting pharmacological properties including, anti-microbial, anti-hepatotoxic, hypocholestrolemic, hypoglycemic, anti-nephrotoxic, neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and testiculo-protective effects (Olaleye et al. 2000, 2010; Abarikwu et al. 2011, 2012a; Ayepola et al. 2014; Olayinka et al. 2014; Michel et al. 2016). As the interactive effects of bioactive compounds could influence their overall biological properties, the present study was designed to ascertain the outcome of the combination therapy with rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced gonadal toxicity in young adult rats.