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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Betalains are water-soluble bioactive pigments classified into betacyanin pigment, which is red-violet in color, and betaxanthin pigment, which is yellow-orange in color. The major betalain in red beetroot is betanin, which belongs to red betacyanin pigment. Betalains have high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are used to fight oxidative stress and chronic inflammation such as liver disease, arthritis, and even cancer (181–185). Red beetroot or Beta vulgaris rubra is richer in antioxidants than other Beta vulgaris varieties.
Neurotransmitters in Medicinal Plants
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
Derivatives of dopamine are also known in plants, for example dopamine betaxanthin in Portulaca oleracea (Gandía-Herrero et al. 2009). This demonstrates the important role of the catecholamines as neurotransmitters in fertilization as well as in fruit and seed development.
Natural Products as an Effective Treatment Option for Depression
Published in Vikas Kumar, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu, Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management, 2018
Yogesh Anant Kulkarni, Kalyani Himanshu Barve, Ginpreet Kaur
B. vulgaris contains high amount of inorganic nitrates and Pyridine (5.6%) and 4-picolene (54.4%) are the source of red and yellow pigments known as betalains consisting of red violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins. Betanin is a major constituent (75–95%) of the red pigment and vulgaxanthine I and the principal pigment of the yellow betaxanthin group. Also contains amino acid or protein such as threonine, valine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, and tyrosine. Beetroot also contains isobetanin, isobetanidine, prebetanin, isoprebetanin, and vulgaxanthin II; anthocyanins and betalains.25
Encapsulation of beetroot juice: a study on the application of pumpkin oil cake protein as new carrier agent
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Jelena Čakarević, Vanja Šeregelj, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac, Gordana Ćetković, Jasna Čanadanović Brunet, Senka Popović, Milica Hadnađev Kostić, Ljiljana Popović
Beetroot has been recognised as a source of phenolic compounds, including betalains, water-soluble pigments, red betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins. These pigments have valuable biological effects, although they are sensitive and could be preserved by encapsulation. The capacity of protein as carrier material in encapsulation could be defined also as the ability to release the core under specific conditions, like simulated gastrointestinal digestion. A method of representing protein as the releasing agent was determination of TPC and BC contents in the encapsulate. The TPC and BC in powders after in vitro digestion are shown in Table 2. From the presented data it can be concluded that the encapsulated powders were digestible. Similarly, Tumbas Šaponjac et al. (2016) reported that TPC in encapsulated beetroot pomace extract on soy protein was lower after in vitro digestion. Studies showed that interaction phenol–protein was the result of bond formation, mainly non-covalent, and could express different biological activity (Karefyllakis et al.2017).
Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Sedigheh Asgary, Ali Rastqar, Mahtab Keshvari
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family and is originally from temperate climate regions (168). This plant contains biologically active phytochemicals, including betalains (e.g., betacyanins and betaxanthins), flavonoids, polyphenols, and dietary nitrate (169). Dietary nitrate and nitrite serve as a nitric oxide (NO) sources (170). NO has a vital role in the regulation of vascular tone and BP (171,172). Cao et al. suggested that nitrite, a known vasodilator, has an indirect effect in promoting vascular NO synthesis (173).
Beetroot supplemented diet exhibit anti-amnesic effect via modulation of cholinesterases, purinergic enzymes, monoamine oxidase and attenuation of redox imbalance in the brain of scopolamine treated male rats
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Tosin A. Olasehinde, Sunday I. Oyeleye, Collins U. Ibeji, Ganiyu Oboh
Beta vulgaris, commonly known as red beetroot, is a vegetable found in subfamily Betoideae, belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. It is an economically important vegetable in the order Caryophyllales. Previous reports show that it contains some bioactive red pigment known as betalains, which are categorized as either betacyanin or betaxanthin pigments and are reported to possess some biological and health benefiting potentials including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-atherosclerotic activities [12,13]. In addition, red beetroot is also rich in other phytochemicals such as ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds (betagarin, luteolin, apigenin, and vitexin-2-O-xyloside) [13–15]. According to the report of Clifford et al. [13], a nitric oxide (NO) generator and nitrate-rich vegetables such as beetroot possess the ability to improve cerebrovascular blood flow and cognitive function. Bond et al. [16] also reported the efficacy of dietary nitrate from beetroot supplemented diet on cognitive function in type-2 diabetes while the work of Gilchrist et al. [17] revealed a decrease in cerebrovascular arterial resistance after treatment with beetroot. Experimental investigation into the bioactive constituents of beetroot has triggered much interest in its potential health benefits. Hence, to corroborate the few reports on the neuroprotective effect of beetroot, this study was designed to explore the memory-enhancing potentials and further elucidate the possible mechanism of neuroprotective actions of BRSD in scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory-impaired rats by evaluating behavioural functions, oxidative stress biomarkers and neuroactive enzyme [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), nucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPdases), adenosine deaminase (ADA), monoamine oxidase (MAO), angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE)] activities associated with cognitive function.