China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Detection of Fungal Metabolites
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
The possibility that fungal sugars might be diagnostic markers of candidemia and invasive candidiasis (IC) was first raised in 1974 (12). Miller et al. detected four water-soluble compounds, two with chromatographic characteristics of isomers of mannose and two that were not identified, in sera from patients with candidemia when analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Diagnostic levels of arabinitol, the major polyol produced by C. albicans, were subsequently identified by GLC in sera of patients with IC but also in patients with renal failure (13). It was then shown that arabinitol is excreted in urine quantitatively at a rate equal to creatinine clearance (14) and that serum levels could be corrected for renal dysfunction by expressing them as the ratio of arabinitol to creatinine clearance (15,16). In experimental animals with candidemia and other forms of IC (15,17,18), arabinitol levels correlated with fungal load and declined after institution of effective therapy, suggesting a potential use in both diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response. Furthermore, levels were not increasedin animals that were heavily colonized but not infected (19). The potential value of arabinitol as a diagnostic marker of candidiasis was improved following recognition that the D-enantiomer is the form produced by fungi, whereas the L-enantiomer is the form produced by vertebrates. Diagnoses of candidiasis based on analytic methods that distinguish D-arabinitol from the L-arabinitol produced by the host are more accurate than those which measure total arabinitol (2,20).
Pomegranate peel extract ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of gut microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Xin-Yu Lu, Bing Han, Xin Deng, Si-Ying Deng, Yan-Yan Zhang, Pei-Xin Shen, Teng Hui, Rui-Heng Chen, Xing Li, Yuan Zhang
Our metabolomics evaluation of PPE involved quantification of total phenols and tannin by spectrophotometry, ellagic acid-targeted analyses by HPLC (Supplementary Figure S1(a, b)), and non-targeted analysis by GC/MS (Supplementary Figure S1(c, d)). The content of total phenols and tannin in PPE was 225.90 ± 2.96, 192.68 ± 3.06 mg/g, respectively. Identification by comparison of UV spectra and retention times with standard, our data showed that the ellagic acid content in the PPE was 5.97 ± 0.008 mg/g. Next, the composition of PPE was investigated using GC-MS. The total ion chromatogram (TIC) of this assay was shown in Supplementary Figure S1(c). These compounds included amino acids (L-Malic acid, L-Aspartic acid), carbohydrates (L-Arabinose, L-Arabitol, D-Fructose, D-Mannose, L-Sorbose, D-Galactose, Mannitol), organic acids (L-Lactic acid, Oxalic acid, Shikimic acid), Alcohols (Glycerol), Fatty Acids (Palmitic acid), and Flavonoids (Genistein) (Supplementary Figure S1(d)). Among them, L-Sorbose has the highest relative content (30.29%). Details of the chemical composition of PPE were shown in Supplementary Table S1.
The use of biomarkers as a tool for novel psoriatic disease drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2018
Dinesh Aggarwal, Nikita Arumalla, Hannah Jethwa, Sonya Abraham
Armstrong et al. (2014) utilized a metabolomics approach using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to compare serum metabolic profiles of patients with psoriasis, psoriasis and PsA, and healthy controls. Metabolic profile comparison of patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls revealed an increase in ketoglutaric acid and a decrease in several components, for example asparagine and glutamine; those with psoriasis and PsA demonstrated different variations, for example decreased α-ketoglutaric acid and increased arabinose compared to patients with psoriasis alone; and individuals with both skin and joint involvement demonstrated increases in phosphoric acid, glucuronic acid, arabitol, and arabinose compared to healthy controls [127]. An understanding of metabolic pathways in these patients aids with a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis. For example, glutamine is known to play a key role in protein synthesis and cellular growth; an increased cellular demand of amino acids such as glutamine has been proposed in psoriasis due to the hyperproliferative epidermis. In keeping with this, in vitro studies demonstrated increased glutamine consumption by lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, and this in turn is thought to enhance production of numerous cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6, all of which play an important role in psoriasis innate immunity [127].
Plasma metabolomic patterns in patients with exhaustion disorder
Published in Stress, 2019
Jenny Hadrévi, Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir, Per-Anders Jansson, Jan W Eriksson, Anna Sjörs
Several metabolites connected to the carbohydrate metabolism, that is, gluconic acid, scyllo-inositol, arabitol, 1,5-anhydro-d-glycitol, xylitol and ribitol, were more abundant in the healthy individuals in the fasting condition. This is in accordance with the known reduction in fasting glucose shown in this specific patient group (Sjors et al., 2013), indicating an overall reduction of systemically abundant carbohydrates. A lower catabolism of glucose would also explain the lower abundance of gluconic acid (or gluconate) seen across both conditions. However, in the non-fasting condition, scyllo-inositol, arabitol, xylitol, and ribitol, were instead more abundant in the ED patients.