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Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
Additional studies revealed the presence of luteolinidin-5-glycoside, α-asarone, and methylisoeugenol (Della Greca et al. 1989, Pieterse et al. 1977). Volatile furanes, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, terpenoids, alkanes, aldehydes, and nitrogenous compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an organic pentane extract of A. filiculoides. The range of compounds identified includes trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexanol, n-hexanal, n-hexadecane, 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-heptanone, n-heptanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, n-heptadecane, 2-heptadecanon, pentylfuran, 2-pentradecanone, n-pentadecane, n-pentadecanal, n-octane, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octanone, n-octanal, n-octanol, n-nananone, n-nananal, n-nonanol, 2-decanone, n-decanal, n-decanol, 2-undecanone, n-tetradecane, n-tridecanal, isolimonene, acetylpyridine, acetophenone, 4-ketoisophorone, safranal, geraniol, trans-β-ionone-epoxide, β-ionone, palmitic acid, and phytol acetate (Figure 4.9) (Pereira et al. 2009).
Gold Nanoparticles as Promising Agents for Cancer Therapy
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Nadine Karaki, Hassan Hajj Ali, Assem El Kak
The surface of GNPs has been functionalized with folic acid, which is used as a recognition molecule to perform a selective internalization in cancer cells. Recent studies have functionalized GNPs with folic acid using linkers (4-aminothiophenol, 6-mercapto-1-hexanol) [84] or incorporating other molecules amine-terminated PEG-folic acid [85]. These functionalized GNPs decreased significantly the viability of human cervical carcinoma cells. In addition, modifying GNPs with folic acid without using linkers or other molecules, could complicate, according to some researchers, the GNPs action mechanism or affect their biocompatibility [86]. However, other researchers have reported that folic acid-conjugated GNPs, without using other molecules or linkers for the surface functionalization, could be used in the cancer therapy modality known as PTT, either alone [87] or in combination with radiotherapy [88]. Its use with radiotherapy significantly induced apoptosis in mouth epidermal carcinoma cells [88].
Chemistry of Syzygium cumini
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
Although major components in the leaves are monoterpenoids and sesqueterpenoids, some fatty acids and paraffins like heptacosane (133), nonacosane (134), triacontane (135), and hentriacontane (136), along with aliphatic alcohols octacosanol (137), triacosanol (138), and dotriacosanol (139) (Gupta and Sharma 1974); octacosane (140); tricontane (141) (Kumar et al. 2009); eicosane (142); and hexadecane (143) (Rao et al. 2012), were detected from leaves. Additionally, some simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1,3,6-octatriene (144), and alcohols, 1-hexanol (145), cis-3-hexenol (146), nonyl alcohol (147), and hexylene glycol (148), have been detected in EOs.
Fatty acids, esters, and biogenic oil disinfectants: novel agents against bacteria
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Aruna Lamba, Jonathan Kopel, David Westenberg, Shubhender Kapila
Short-chain aldehydes are natural flavor and fragrance constituents that act as antimicrobial agents, delaying or preventing onset of decay.23,24 2-hexenal is noted to possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Although the precise mode of action of alkenals is not yet known, they likely permeate through passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. Once inside the cells, the aldehyde moiety readily reacts with biologically important nucleophilic groups like nucleic acid bases of a DNA strand, thiols, amides, and carboxyls.25 It has been shown that antibacterial activity against Salmonella choleraesuis increases with the addition of the CH2 group up to (2E)-dodecenal. The change in activity is most likely related to a balance between the hydrophilicity of the unsaturated aldehyde subunit and the hydrophobicity of the alkyl portion of the molecule, similar to their action against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.26 Gueldner et al demonstrated that the volatiles (2E)-hexenal, 2,4-hexadienal, 1-hexanol, furfural, β-ionone, 1-nonanol, and some synthetic compounds inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was highest for the aldehydes followed by the ketones and then the alcohols.27 Cocciaoni et al reported that compounds such as esters, aldehydes, terpenes, alcohols, and hydrocarbons are more effective antimicrobial agents when used in the vapor phase than in the solution phase.28
Alkyl rhamnosides, a series of amphiphilic materials exerting broad-spectrum anti-biofilm activity against pathogenic bacteria via multiple mechanisms
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Guanghua Peng, Xucheng Hou, Wenxi Zhang, Maoyuan Song, Mengya Yin, Jiaxing Wang, Jiajia Li, Yajie Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Wenkai Zhou, Xinru Li, Guiling Li
l-Rhamnose (2.0 g, 10.98 mmol) was dispersed in n-hexanol (5.52 mL, 43.92 mmol), n-octanol (6.89 mL, 43.92 mmol), 5-nonanol (7.63 mL, 43.92 mmol), n-decanol (8.39 mL, 43.92 mmol), n-dodecanol (9.98 mL, 43.92 mmol) and n-tetradecanol (11.28 mL, 43.92 mmol), respectively. After stirred at 80 °C for several minutes, the above reaction mixtures were then mixed with TfOH-SiO2 (165 mg, 2 mmol/g), respectively. Stirring was continued for another 5 h until all solids dissolved. At this point, TLC showed complete conversion of the starting l-rhamnose to a faster running point. Then, the reaction mixture was rapidly transferred to a silica gel column (inner diameter of 3 cm, length 20 cm) and excess fatty alcohol was eluted with CH2Cl2 (150 mL) followed by elution with CH2Cl2/MeOH (20:1, v/v) to obtain the desired alkyl rhamnoside. The diagram of this glycosylation reaction is shown in Figure 1.
Se@SiO2 nanocomposites attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through combatting oxidative damage
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Guoying Deng, Changzhe Chen, Junjie Zhang, Yue Zhai, Jingpeng Zhao, Anqi Ji, Yingjie Kang, Xijian Liu, Kefei Dou, Qiugen Wang
Se@SiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized according to the previously reported method [16]. The synthesis of Cu2-xSe nanocrystals were carried out using standard Schlenk-line techniques under nitrogen. 43.5 mg selenium powders and 6 ml oleic acid (OA) were mixed in three-necked flask and 280 °C for 0.5 h under magnetic stirring to form Se-OA precursor. 49.5 mg of CuCl, 5 ml oleylamine (OAm) and 5 ml OA were mixed in another three-necked round-bottom flask and heated to 220 °C and maintained for 10 min under stirring. Subsequently, Se-OA precursor was quickly injected into the CuCl mixture and then aged at 220 °C for 5 min. Ethanol was added to the reaction solution after cooled to 60 °C, followed by centrifuging and washing with ethanol. Then, the Cu2-xSe nanocrystals were obtained and dispersed in 10 ml n-hexane. Subsequently, 1 ml above solution, 10 ml n-hexane, 1 ml n-hexanol, 1 ml Triton X-100, 0.3 ml deionized water and 0.04 ml TEOS. Then, 0.05 ml ammonium hydroxide was added into the mixture and reacted with Cu2-xSe nanocrystals to form [Cu(NH3)4]2 + . Se quantum dots were developed by oxidizing Se2− at same time. The silica coated around the Se quantum dots by orthosilicate hydrolysis in alkaline environment, forming solid Se@SiO2 nanocomposites. Finally, solid Se@SiO2 nanocomposites were coated with PVP and etched in hot water (95 °C) to construct porous structures. Se@SiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by means of a D/max-2550 PC X-ray diffractometer (XRD; Rigaku, Cu-Kα radiation), and a transmission electronic microscopy (TEM; JEM-2100 F). And the Se release was evaluated by the dialysis method reported before [16].