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Emerging Medicinal Values of Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.)
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Mira Dhakal, Shandesh Bhattarai
β-Sitosterol, Butyl β-D-fructopyranoside, Lignoceric acid, (–)-Quinic acid, γ-lactone, Daucosterol, Indole-3-carboxylic acid, Stigmastane-3,6-diol, Sitoindoside I, 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one, uracil, adenine, myoinositol, (Z)-9,10,11-trihydroxy-12-Octadecenoic acid, Syringaldehyde, Dotriacontanic acid, n-stearic acid, 5,7-dihydroxychromone,8-dimethyl-2-(4, 8, 12-trimethyltridec-11-enyl) chroman-6-ol, alpha- and delta-tocopherol, stigmasterol, Sitosterol, Germacrene D, (E)-β-ocimene, Histidine, Arginine, Tyrosine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Starch, Cellulose, Pectin, Sugars (fructose, glucose), Dietary fibre, Vitamin B1(Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3(Niacin), Vitamin B6, Vitamin B9 (Folate), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K, Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), Manganese (Mn), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Citric acid, Quinic acid, Maleic acid, 3-penten-2-ol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-butenal, 2-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl 3-buten-2-one (Ji and Liang 1985, Takeoka et al. 1986, Bolzoni et al. 1988, Cossa et al. 1988, Young and Paterson 1995, Motohashi et al. 2001, Mariäa et al. 2002, Cui et al. 2007, 2016, Wen-Wei et al. 2010, Zhou et al. 2010, Chen et al. 2011, Shastri et al. 2012, Parameswaran and Murthi 2014, He et al. 2014, 2016, Cui 2016, Xu et al. 2016).
Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Powder Affects Skin-Borne Volatile Organic Compounds in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
M. E. T. Willems, M. Todaka, M. Banic, M. D. Cook, Y. Sekine
Our understanding on the endogenous origin of 2-hexanone detected by skin emission is absent. Inhalation of atmospheric 2-hexanone should be avoided. In plastic fabric workers, for example, occupational exposure to 2-hexanone (methyl butyl ketone) caused acute mixed motor and sensory neuropathy (Landrigan et al. 1980). It was suggested by Mochalski and Unterkofler (2016) that 2-hexanone, when present in urine, could be the product of 2-hexanol oxidation. In urine, 2-hexanone was considered a potential biomarker for lung cancer (Santos et al. 2017). In breath, 2-hexanone and 2-pentanone were changed in response to hypoxic conditions (7620 m, 8% O2) (Harshman et al. 2015). It was suggested that 2-hexanone (and 2-heptanone) may be due to beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the lungs (Harshman et al. 2015). However, different processes can be responsible for volatile compounds emanated from skin and breath.
Co-Culture Probiotic Fermentation of Protein-Enriched Cereal Medium (Boza)
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Sultan Arslan-Tontul, Mustafa Erbas
In previous studies, it was reported that cereal type could affect the volatile composition of the final product (40). Similarly, in this study, some compounds were detected as specific to the formulation. 2-pentanon and ethenylbenzene were formed only in the gluten-added boza sample while nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and (Z)-9-octadecenamide were evaluated in chickpea flour–added boza samples. Also, 2-hexanol and nonane were determined in all samples to expect gluten-added boza samples. Moreover, some compounds were formed during late fermentation stages such as tridecane, nonadecane, and 1-dodecanol. The concentration of VOCs generally decreased during storage of boza samples. It was reported that the relative concentration of most VOCs formed in cereal medium decreased (3).
Modulatory role of rutin on 2,5-hexanedione-induced chromosomal and DNA damage in rats: validation of computational predictions
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Aliyu Muhammad, David Ebuka Arthur, Sanusi Babangida, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Ibrahim Malami, Hadiza Sani, Aliyu Waziri Abdulhamid, Idayat Omoyemi Ajiboye, Ahmed Ariyo Saka, Nafisa Muhammed Hamza, Suleiman Asema, Zaharaddeen Muhammad Ado, Taibat Ishaq Musa
Toxicology encompasses determining the biochemical fates and effects of environmentally friendly toxic xenobiotics at particular doses/concentrations, a condition normally encountered by most inhabitants in industrialized countries. Example of such xenobiotic is 2,5-hexanedione which is the major toxic metabolite after n-hexane metabolism. Human exposure to n-hexane display numbness and tingling sensation in the toes and fingers, followed by progressive weakness particularly in distal legs coupled with neurotoxicity (Wang et al.2016, 2017). Indeed, n-hexane, after accidental or otherwise exposure is absorbed into circulation and mobilized to the liver, the major site of xenobiochemistry. While in the liver, n-hexane is metabolized to various metabolites that are then equilibrated in the blood to various organs and tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005). It is initially hydroxylated by the action of mixed function oxidases to form either 1- or 3-hexanol in a detoxification pathway or 2-hexanol in a bioactivation pathway. Via bioactivation channel, 2-hexanol is converted to 2-hexanone and 2,5-hexanediol. Both of these metabolites are then further metabolized to 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanedione, and 4,5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone. 2,5-Hexanedione is believed to be the major toxic metabolite produced in humans (Perbellini et al. 1990, Cardona et al. 1996, Mayan et al. 2002, Song et al. 2012). It is implicated in oxidative stress, apoptosis (Li et al. 2017), and compromised on the part of tissues integrity (Muhammad et al. 2015, Liu et al. 2016). The blood, brain, liver, kidney, heart, lungs, and pancreas participate in different active biochemical processes involving oxidative metabolism and transport functions, respectively (Adedara et al. 2014), hence the basis of their usage in this communication.