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Niemann-Pick disease
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
The pathognomonic feature of all patients with deficiency of sphingomyelinase is the foam cell (Figure 91.12). This large (20–90 μ) cell or macrophage is most commonly first detected in bone marrow aspirate. As a reticuloendothelial cell, it is found widely in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and lungs. In stained preparations, the cells have a foamy appearance that results from the stored material, which stains positively with stains for lipids. The lipid droplets are uniform in size, and the appearance has been called honeycomb-like or mulberry-like. The cytoplasm of these cells stains blue with Wright stain, which gives rise to the sea-blue histiocyte designation [37]. It is clear now that sea-blue histiocytes, once thought to represent a distinct disease [55, 56] are seen in sphingomyelinase deficiency [39]. On electron microscopy (Figures 91.13 and 91.14), foam cells have small eccentric nuclei and membrane-bound lucent areas from which storage material has been dissolved. There may be granular material, whorls, or lamellae. There may be infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract, which might account for intestinal symptoms and failure to thrive, and diagnosis has been made by rectal biopsy. Storage is seen in neuronal cells and axons, and cerebral atrophy and neuroaxonal dystrophy are characteristic of type A disease.
Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Fermina Maria Mazzella, Gerardo Perrotta
The previously described techniques outline a manual method for staining slides and coverslips with Wright stain. Modern, high-volume laboratories utilize automated slide stainers, which can handle a large volume of slides. Some stainers convey separate slides face down over a precision-formed flat area, where exact amounts of stain, buffer, and rinse are applied. The solutions are delivered into a capillary space between the slide and the flat surface of the instrument. After the first slide, this type of instrument can stain one slide per minute. Other automated stainers use the dip method of staining and can handle up to 50 slides at one time. These can be stained and dried in about 10 min.
W
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Wright Stain Used for megakaryocytes and platelets. Devised by Boston pathologist, James Homer Wright (1871–1928) in 1910. He also prepared special stains for the malarial parasite (1902) and Treponema pallidum (1918).
Clinical relevance of sputum bronchial epithelial cells: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Anurag Bhalla, Melanie Kjarsgaard, Nicola LaVigne, Katherine Radford, Manali Mukherjee, Parameswaran Nair
One of the limitations of our study is selection of the control group (BEC low), which consisted of recently acquired patient samples. Hence, there may be a bias toward lower corticosteroid use given recent advances in treatment of severe asthma with monoclonal antibodies.20 In patients on biologics, there were a greater number of patients treated with benralizumab in the control group (which is the most recent biologic approved for severe eosinophilic asthma). Additionally, the retrospective study design limited our ability to confirm reported diagnosis and predominant symptoms, which were derived from physician notes. Moreover, it has been shown that although Wright stain is accurate in recognizing eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages, it is not as accurate in quantifying lymphocytes and epithelial cells compared with immunocytochemistry (ICC).21 However, ICC is not routinely performed for differential cell counts. This may account for some of the discrepancies we noted while analyzing results according to absolute count versus cell percentage. As a result, a large sample size and less stringent inclusion criteria, which permitted analysis in a variety of respiratory disease, is a strength of this study. However, the overrepresentation of asthmatics in our cohort can be explained by the referral population that consists mostly of severe asthmatics. Finally, an increase in cough effort made to produce sputum sample may impact BEC counts, which can be confirmed in future studies.
Roses and rosettes—the two sides of James Homer Wright
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
James R. Wright, Robert H. Young, David N. Louis
Notably, most of the accomplishments for which Homer Wright is remembered occurred while he was dating Aagot or during the first decade of their marriage, and it seems highly likely that his happy personal situation fostered his remarkable professional productivity during these years. In 1900, he described the plasma cell as the cell of origin for multiple myeloma. In 1901, he published his intraoperative frozen section technique, which became the most popular method in the first half of the 20th century.22 In 1902, he developed the Wright stain, which revolutionized the study of blood morphology. In 1905, his paper on actinomycosis won him the Samuel D. Gross Prize, a prize that is awarded once every 5 years for the best original surgical research by an American citizen during the preceding 5-year period.23 In a paper he published in 1906 (and a subsequent more detailed paper in 1910), Wright demonstrated that platelets were derived from fragments of megakaryocytes. In 1909, Wright, with his colleague Oscar Richardson, histologically demonstrated the presence of spirochetes in syphilitic aortitis. In 1910, Wright described neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor often characterized histologically by pseudorosettes that are now named after him. William Osler wrote Wright and congratulated him for several of these publications, and these letters are extant.7 Wright also received honorary doctorates of science from both Harvard University (1905) and the University of Maryland (1907).1–6
Enhancement of tumor immunogenicity by the introduction of non- proteinogenic amino acid azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Siyu Li, Shiqing Wang, Baorui Tian, Na Li, Yanan Chen, Yanhua Liu, Weijun Su, Yan Fan, Yongjun Piao, Jia Li, Longlong Wang, Jin Zhao, Shu Wang, Yi Shi, Rong Xiang
Two weeks after Cd44-NPs-Pro/Aze administration, the fatal organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain) of mice were obtained and embedded in paraffin for consequent sectioning and H&E staining. The blood was collected for blood routine tests and the serum was harvested for biochemistry tests. The blood and bone marrow smears were stained with Wright Stain solution (Solarbio, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instruction.