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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
The vasti may be bilaminar (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b; Bergman et al. 1988; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). The vasti may be continuous with rectus femoris (Mori 1964; Bergman et al. 1988; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). Vastus medialis is often fused with vastus intermedius (Macalister 1875; Mori 1964). The vasti may merge into one fleshy muscle mass (Bergman et al. 1988). The entire quadriceps femoris muscle may be absent (Bergman et al. 1988). Its lower fibers may have a separate insertion into the medial condyle of the tibia (Macalister 1875). Vastus medialis obliquus (the inferior portion of the muscle) can vary in its extent of its insertion along the medial aspect of the patella (Holt et al. 2008).
Knee Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The quadriceps femoris muscles are located at the anterior femur and are composed of four muscle groups: Vastus medialis.Vastus intermedius.Vastus lateralis.Rectus femoris.
Soft Tissue Surgery of the Knee
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Stephen Key, Jonathan Miles, Richard Carrington
Associated conditions that may worsen the symptoms include chondromalacia patellae, patella alta, abnormal Q angle and trochlear hypoplasia, but these alone are not sufficient to perform a lateral release. In cases of malalignment, it may need to be combined with more advanced procedures, including osteotomy or tibial tubercle transfer. It can also be performed in conjunction with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and vastus medialis advancement.
Saphenous Artery Perforator Flaps in Minipigs: Anatomical Study and a New Experimental Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Yi Zhan, Hongzhang Zhu, Wenwen Li, Qiao Su, Xiao-Lin Liu, Jian Qi
One of the hind limbs was abandoned due to the leakage of perfusion fluid, while the other 11 hind limbs were available for the first stage of the study. The surface projection of the SA was visualized as a line linking the outer one-third point of a line between the pubic symphysis and the outer margin of the acetabulum, and the midpoint of a line between the Achilles tendon and the medial malleolus (Figure 2, left). The SA was found to run between the vastus medialis and the sartorius above the knee, and along the medial muscle surface below the knee of the hind limb (Figure 2, right). The average length of SA was 14.86 ± 0.76 mm. The diameters of the SA at initiation, at the medial tibial condyle, and at the medial malleolus were 1.73 ± 0.15 mm, 1.50 ± 0.12 mm, and 1.30 ± 0.13 mm, respectively (Table 1).
Lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging in Chinese patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Jia Song, Jun Fu, Mingming Ma, Mi Pang, Gang Li, Li Gao, Jiewen Zhang
At the thigh level, former MRI studies on DM1 reached a consensus that the anterior compartment was the most affected region, and the vastus intermedius and medialis muscles were more deteriorated compared to the vastus lateralis muscle, while the rectus femoris was relatively spared [2,13,14]. Our findings confirmed the previous data that the most severely affected muscles in the thighs were usually the vastus medialis and vastus intermedius, followed by vastus lateralis. But to be noted, although the anterior thigh compartment was preferentially degenerated in DM1 patients, the other compartments were also involved as the disease progression. Exceptionally, our data revealed that 1 of the 24 patients showed that the posterior compartment was the most severely affected region in the thighs (Figure 2(k and l)), suggesting that the anterior compartment being the most affected region in the thighs was found in the majority of DM1 patients, but it was not the unique muscle involvement pattern. Regarding the least affected muscles in the thighs, there is no consistent statement entirely. Park et al. [2] reported that the adductor muscles and biceps femoris long head were the least affected in the thighs. Peric et al. [14] revealed that the least affected thigh muscles were the adductor muscles, followed by the rectus femoris, sartorius, biceps femoris long head, and semimembranosus. Hamano et al. [12] revealed that the adductor magnus, biceps femoris long head and gracilis were least affected in the thighs. Our data revealed that the gracilis and rectus femoris were the least affected muscles in the thighs.
The effect of patellar taping on lower extremity running kinematics in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Ariel Pelletier, Paolo Sanzo, Derek Kivi, Carlos Zerpa
A commonly used treatment for PFPS is therapeutic taping (Callaghan and Selfe, 2012). Two popular techniques that have emerged over the years include McConnell’s Medial Glide and Mechanical Correction with Tension in the Base. McConnell’s Medial Glide utilizes Leukotape® (LT), which is a highly adhesive rigid tape that can be worn for up to 18 h (Campolo et al., 2013). It has been proposed to facilitate the activation of the vastus medialis, as well as reposition the patella altering the patellar contact pressure and joint reaction force; this may thereby decrease the load and symptoms experienced by the individual (Herrington, Malloy, and Richards, 2005). However, the explanation for the use of LT requires further investigation as the proposed effects remain inconclusive and more of a theoretical concept and explanation (Herrington, Malloy, and Richards, 2005).