China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Congenital Dislocation of the Patella
Published in Benjamin Joseph, Selvadurai Nayagam, Randall T Loder, Anjali Benjamin Daniel, Essential Paediatric Orthopaedic Decision Making, 2022
Serial casting was done at weekly intervals; the flexion deformity decreased to 30 degrees, and no further correction could be achieved. At the age of 10 months, surgery was performed. Under general anaesthesia, through a lateral parapatellar incision, the ilio-tibial band was divided and a segment of the lateral intermuscular segment was excised. The vastus lateralis was released from the lateral border of the patella and erased from its origin on the distal femur and allowed to retract proximally. The lateral capsule of the knee was opened close to the lateral border of the patella from a point 2 cm proximal to the superior pole of the patella to a point 2 cm distal to the lower pole of the patella. Care was taken to ensure that there were no adhesions between the patella and the lateral surface of the femur. The patella was reduced into the shallow patellar groove on the femur. The vastus medialis was stretched and thin; it was advanced laterally onto the front of the patella and anchored with non-absorbable sutures.
Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
The two origins of rectus femoris may be continuous (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). A double origin may be present from the anterior inferior iliac spine (Macalister 1875; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). A portion of the insertion tendon may split off from the rest and pass in front of the patella (Macalister 1875). The tendons of the vasti may overlap and form a canal through which the rectus femoris tendon passes (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b). Vastus lateralis may insert into the tendon of rectus femoris (Macalister 1875). Rectus femoris may be continuous with the vasti (Macalister 1875; Bergman et al. 1988). Stringer et al. (2012) report two cases in which a shortened rectus femoris narrowed into a tendon at the middle of the thigh before joining the quadriceps tendon. In one of these cases, the tendon also blended with the fascia over vastus medialis and vastus lateralis.
Whey Protein and Essential Amino Acids Promote the Reduction of Adipose Tissue and Increased Muscle Protein Synthesis During Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss in Elderly, Obese Individuals
Published in Chad Cox, Clinical Nutrition and Aging, 2017
Robert H. Coker, Sharon Miller, Scott Schutzler, Nicolaas Deutz, Robert R. Wolfe
Experimental Paradigm. Prior to initiation of the weight loss intervention, volunteers in both groups completed a testing session designed to examine the influence of EAAMR and CMR on skeletal muscle protein FSR. Subjects were instructed to fast after 2200 hrs, with water permitted. On the day of the testing session, subjects reported to the study site, and two intravenous catheters were inserted by our registered nurse. One catheter was utilized for the infusion of stable isotopes, while the other was utilized for blood sampling. A primed (2 μmol/kg), constant (0.07 μmol/ kg/min) infusion of ring- [13]C6-phenylalanine began after obtaining a background blood sample and the isotopic infusion was maintained for 6 hours. Blood was sampled at 20 min intervals to determine tracer enrichment and blood amino acid levels. A tissue biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle was taken under local anesthesia at t = 60, 180 and 240 min [16]. Biopsies were utilized for the determination of skeletal muscle protein FSR by tracer methodology [17]. After the initial biopsy at t = 60 min, subjects were provided with a single dose of EAAMR or CMR. At t = 180 and t = 240 min, two biopsies were taken to evaluate the influence of EAAMR or CMR on the incorporation of the phenyalalnine tracer into the muscle.
Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Honoka Isobe, Yuki Uchikawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Yuki Katsuhara, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
In the present study, the mobility domain of the PEDI declined with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness. In the quadriceps femoris muscle, the activity of the vastus lateralis muscle increases from initial contact to loading response during walking.34,35 Furthermore, the physiological cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle is greatest in the quadriceps femoris muscle.36 The vastus lateralis muscle rather than the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles may contribute to the extension movement of the knee joint in the standing position and during walking because the greater physiological cross-sectional area is advantageous to exert muscle strength. Thus, reduced PEDI mobility domain scores might be associated with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP as muscle strength of the vastus lateralis muscle is important for mobility such as walking. A previous study demonstrated the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility area of the BI and decreased thickness of the rectus femoris muscle in children with CP.12 However, the results of the present study revealed the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility domain of the PEDI and decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP. The inconsistency of these results might be due to differences in age, ADL measurement methods, and statistical analyses between this study (children and adults, PEDI, and stepwise regression analysis) and the previous study (children, BI, and partial correlation analysis).
Benefits and interval training in individuals with spinal cord injury: A thematic review
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
David R. Dolbow, Glen M. Davis, Michael Welsch, Ashraf S. Gorgey
Two case studies, Dolbow and Credeur40 and Dolbow et al.41 investigated the effects of RG-HIIT-FES cycling on a 31-year-old female with motor complete T10 SCI and a 34-year-old male with motor complete T9 SCI for ten weeks and eight weeks, respectively. Both programs included 30-minute HIIT sessions thrice weekly. After ten weeks of RG-HIIT-FES cycling, Dolbow and Credeur found an increase in total body lean mass (2.8%) and lean mass of the legs (5.9%). In fact, a 59.5% increase in vastus lateralis muscle thickness was observed. In addition to the body composition changes, improved vascular health was observed as evidenced by a 147.7% increase in flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and an 11.1% increase in reactive hyperemia. Dolbow et al.41 also reported improvements in brachial artery flow mediated dilation in the second case report, although there were no changes in body composition. In each case report, the exercise training stimulus was well tolerated, and successfully completed without any adverse events.
A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study to Examine the Effects of Maritime Pine Extract on Exercise Performance and Postexercise Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Muscle Soreness, and Damage
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Participants reported to the lab in the morning hours fasted (0600–0800) and again donated a blood sample from the antecubital space. Following this, muscle pain was assessed using an algometer (J Tech, Midvale, UT). This is a device that provides a constant low-force pressure (50N) to a small (1 cm diameter) surface. Once the force was applied, participants rated their pain according to a pain numeric rating scale, with 0 representing “no pain” and 10 representing “worst possible pain.” The use of these devices enhances the collection of postexercise muscle soreness and is an improvement over the traditional method of using visual analog scales alone. Three specific locations were used, the vastus lateralis 25% and 50% of the distance between the superior border of the patella and greater trochanter of the femur and the vastus medialis 25% of the distance between these same landmarks. The exact locations of the tests were marked with a permanent marker, and the participants were given a marker to maintain the marks for the remainder of the study.