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Assessment – Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam to Detect Macronutrient Deficiencies
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Examining the muscles in the lower body includes evaluating the quadriceps around the patellar region and the gastrocnemius muscles on the posterior calf region. The quadriceps are a group of four muscles, which are the largest and strongest muscles in the body. These muscles help with standing, walking, running, and other movements. Inspect the quadriceps with the patient’s legs bent and propped up if able. Visually inspect for rounded musculature and shape of the quadriceps. Poorly defined muscles and a concave depression may indicate muscle loss. Palpate by cupping the hand above, below, and around the thighs to assess the quadriceps. Exercise caution while uncovering the patient to palpate for the quadriceps. Uncover only the necessary area to maintain patient privacy and dignity and cover exposed areas immediately upon completion of the exam.
Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Amyotrophy is characterized by unilateral (or bilateral) pain and weakness in the quadriceps muscles. Typically, it affects older men with type 2 DM. There is often quadriceps muscle wasting, weakness or difficulty in walking, reduced or absent knee jerks and sometimes extensor plantar reflexes. Poor glucose control is common and the condition usually responds to better glucose control. If extensor plantar responses are present, spinal cord compression should be excluded.
Evaluation of the Spine in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Ashish Dagar, Sarvdeep Singh Dhatt, Deepak Neradi, Vijay G Goni
With the knee flexed and supported by one forearm, a sudden tap is given to the quadriceps tendon just below the patella (Figure 12.22). Look for contraction of the quadriceps muscle, which should be kept exposed for examination.
Manual lymphatic drainage and Kinesio taping applications reduce early-stage lower extremity edema and pain following total knee arthroplasty
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Hande Guney-Deniz, Gizem Irem Kinikli, Sercan Aykar, Ceyda Sevinc, Omur Caglar, Bulent Atilla, Inci Yuksel
Conventional rehabilitation protocols following the early postoperative period usually focus on improving the range of motion (ROM), lower extremity muscle strength, mobilization, and functions while controlling pain and lower extremity edema (Westby, Brittain, and Backman, 2014). Specific interventions such as manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) or Kinesio Taping® (KT) during the early postoperative period are several options to decrease postsurgical excessive fluid – this can cause pain and quadriceps inhibition (Aydoğdu, Sari, Yurdalan, and Polat, 2017; Donec and Kriščiūnas, 2014; Morris, Jones, Ryan, and Ryan, 2013). The severity of quadriceps muscle inhibition increases in the first two weeks following TKA, and this increase results with an average of 60% (range 30%-80%) strength loss in quadriceps muscle (Loyd et al., 2019; Mizner et al., 2005). Swelling is associated with quadriceps weakness and atrophy concomitantly with knee function loss. Therefore, most rehabilitation programs focus on controlling early-stage knee swelling to optimize the quadriceps strength and functional outcomes following surgery (Aydoğdu, Sari, Yurdalan, and Polat, 2017; Loyd et al., 2019; Mizner et al., 2005).
Exercise in patients with hip osteoarthritis – effects on muscle and functional performance: A randomized trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Theresa Bieler, Asker Lau Røn Kristensen, Mette Nyberg, S. Peter Magnusson, Michael Kjaer, Nina Beyer
This study was a sub-study of an observer-blinded, RCT with three parallel groups (n = 152) investigating the effects of 4 months of supervised RT, supervised NW and unsupervised HBE on functional performance in older adults with hip OA not awaiting THR (Bieler et al., 2017b). In a subgroup of 42 participants, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of both thighs were performed to determine the cross-sectional area of quadriceps muscle (QCSA) at baseline and after the intervention. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the protocol was approved by the Danish Ethics Committee of the Capital Region (H-C2009-042) and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01387867). All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.
Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength interpretation guideline for football (soccer) players with ACL reconstruction: a Delphi consensus study in the Netherlands
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Nick van der Horst, Remy van Denderen
Football is a high-demanding and complex sport that involves physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and technical factors (Stolen et al., 2006). The key part of the game, which is scoring goals, consists of high-intensity, explosive movements (Faude et al., 2012). Fundamental requirements for these movements are strength and power (Hoff, 2005). Thus, strength training and strength testing are key features in most ACL rehabilitation protocols (Della Villa et al., 2012, Engelen-van Melick et al., 2013, Fältström et al., 2019, Melick van et al., 2016). Reduced quadriceps strength is associated with reduced knee flexion during landing, which has a negative effect on knee joint shock absorption (Schmitt et al., 2015). Strength asymmetries between the affected and non-affected leg have also been associated with decreased physical and sports performance, increased risk of future ACL injury and long-term osteoarthritis (Bishop et al., 2018, Paschos, 2017). Because of their significant contribution to the function of the knee joint, strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings have been of specific interest in both clinical practice and research (Melick van et al., 2016, Welling et al., 2020). Normalized strength values and limb symmetry indices for different strength variables are an important part of a successful rehabilitation (Barber-Westin and Noyes, 2011, Engelen-van Melick et al., 2013, Wright et al., 2015).